Expansion + Colonization test 12/11/25

Colonization

a foreign country takes over new land and uses it for its own benefit.

Iberia

the region in southwest Europe that includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar, and part of France.

God, Gold, Glory

the motto of the Iberian path finders : God ( spread religion), Gold (gain wealth), Glory (gain fame and land).

Christopher Columbus

an Italian-born explorer who sailed for Spain and attempted to find a westward route to Asia in 1492, which led him to the Americas.

Bartolome De Las Columbus

Spanish priest who spoke out against the abuse and harsh treatment of natives. He worked to protect their rights during colonization.

Encomienda

a system in Spanish colonies where settlers were given land and Indigenous people to work for them in exchange for protection and teaching Christianity.

Sir Francis Drake

English explorer and sea captain known for sailing around the world and raiding Spanish ships.

East India company

British company that traded and ruled parts of India and parts of Asia. Gaining wealth and power. They controlled trade.

United East India company

Dutch company that traded in Asia and ruled some territories. They had spies, and had its own government powers.

The New World

the Americas discovered by Europeans.

The Old World

Europe, Asia, and Africa before the Americas were discovered.

The Colombian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, people, culture, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Africa, and Asia after 1492

What lands did the Portuguese begin exploring and traveling to in the 1400s? What did the Portuguese hope to gain by exploring the new lands?

The Portuguese explored the coasts of Africa, Atlantic islands, and routes to India and Asia. They hoped to gain wealth from trade, new trade routes, and spread Christianity

what kind of empire was the  Portuguese empire? How did the Portuguese empire make money

The empire was a trading empire. They made. They by controlling shipping and trading

what kind of empire was the Spanish  empire? How did the Spanish empire make money.

The Spanish empire was a Colonies empire. They extracted wealth by controlling trade routes and then the empire would control the land itself and ppl who lived there.

What other European Empires colonized the Americas? How and why did they do it?

The Spanish empire and Portuguese empires. They wanted to extract wealth and enrich the empires and converting people to Christianity.

What were the positive and negative consequences of the Columbian exchange?

They gained more food resources for more food options. But there were living things being perished like animals and plants.