Memorize Important Chemistry I Terms/Formulas

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NH₄⁺

Ammonium

H₃O⁺

Hydronium

Hg₂²⁺

Mercury(I)

CH₃COO^- (C₂H₃O₂^-)

Acetate

OH^-

Hydroxide

ClO₂^-

Chlorite

ClO^-

Hypochlorite

ClO₃^-

Chlorate

ClO₄^-

Perchlorate

NO₂^-

Nitrite

NO₃^-

Nitrate

MnO₄^-

Permanganate

CO₃^2-

Carbonate

HCO₃^-

Hydrogen Carbonate

CN^-

Cyanide

CrO₄^2-

Chromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Dichromate

O₂^2-

Peroxide

PO₄^3-

Phosphate

PO₃^3-

Phosphite

HPO₄^2-

Hydrogen Phosphate

H₂PO₄^-

Dihydrogen Phosphate

SO₃^2-

Sulfite

SO₄^2-

Sulfate

HSO₄^-

Hydrogen Sulfate

10

deca-

9

nona-

8

octa-

7

hepta-

6

hexa-

5

penta-

4

tetra-

3

tri-

2

di-

1

mono-

pico- (p)

10^-12

nano- (n)

10^-9

micro- (μ)

10^-6

milli- (m)

10^-3

centi- (c)

10^-2

deci- (d)

10^-1

hecto- (h)

10²

kilo- (k)

10³

mega- (M)

10⁶

giga- (G)

10⁹

tetra- (T)

10¹²

deka- (da)

10¹

IO_4^-

periodate

IO₃^-

iodate

BrO₄^-

perbomate

compound ending in -ate

acid named with -ic

compound ending in -ite

acid named with -ous

HCl

hydrochloric acid

HBr

hydrobromic acid

HI

hydroiodic acid

HNO3

nitric acid

H2SO4

sulfuric acid

HClO3

chloric acid

HClO4

perchloric acid

LiOH

lithium hydroxide

NaOH

sodium hydroxide

KOH

potassium hydroxide

RbOH

rubidium hydroxide

CsOH

cesium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

calcium hydroxide

Sr(OH)2

strontium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2

barium hydroxide

Oxidizing Agent

Reactant loses electrons and is reduced

Reducing Agent

Reactant gains electrons and is oxidized

Synthesis Reaction

A + B → AB

Decomposition Reaction

AB → A + B

Single-Replacement Reaction

A + BC → AC + B

Double-Replacement Reaction

AB + CD → AD + CB

Combustion Reaction

A + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Always results in CO2 and H2O

Electromagnetic Spectrum (lowest to highest Energy and Frequency)

radio < microwave < IR < visible light < UV < X-ray < gamma ray

Electromagnetic Spectrum (shorter to longer Wavelength)

gamma ray < X-ray < UV < visible light < IR < microwave < radio

n

size and energy level quantum number

l

shape quantum number

m_l

orientation quantum number

m_s

spin orientation quantum number

Increases to top right of PT

IE, Electron Affinity, Nuclear Charge

Increases to bottom left of PT

Atomic Size, Metallic Characteristics, Electronegativity

Ionic Bonds

when a metal bonds to a nonmetal and transfers electrons

2 < ΔE < 3.3

Polar Bonds

covalent bond where electrons aren’t shared equally

0.4 < ΔE < 2

Nonpolar Bonds

covalent bond where electrons are shared equally

0 < ΔE < 0.4