Mod 8 - Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) & Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)

A set of 50 practice flashcards covering Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) based on lecture materials.

What does HSG stand for?

Hysterosalpingography.

What structures are evaluated during an HSG?

The uterus and fallopian tubes.

What does the term "Hystero" refer to?

Uterus.

What does the term "Salping" refer to?

Fallopian tube.

What does the term "Gram" mean in the context of HSG?

Record or image.

What imaging modality is used during an HSG procedure?

Fluoroscopy.

Can HSG be used as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic procedure?

Yes.

What is the most common indication for performing an HSG?

Investigation of infertility.

Why is HSG performed when evaluating patients for infertility?

To assess tubal patency and uterine abnormalities.

What anatomical characteristics of the uterus can HSG evaluate?

Size, shape, and position.

What does the term tubal patency mean?

The fallopian tubes are open and unobstructed.

What is a potential therapeutic benefit that can occur during an HSG?

Contrast pressure may open a partially blocked fallopian tube.

What is considered the most important contraindication to performing an HSG?

Pregnancy.

Why is pregnancy a contraindication to an HSG procedure?

Because fluoroscopy exposes the embryo/fetus to radiation.

Which two infectious conditions are contraindications to HSG?

Pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical/vaginal infection.

Why is active uterine bleeding considered a contraindication to HSG?

Blood can mix with contrast and reduce diagnostic quality.

When is HSG usually scheduled within the menstrual cycle?

$7\text{--}10$ days after menstruation begins.

Why is HSG performed shortly after menstruation?

To avoid pregnancy and improve visualization of the uterus.

Why might bowel preparation be ordered for a patient before HSG?

To reduce superimposed bowel contents.

Why should the patient empty her bladder before the HSG procedure?

To prevent displacement or obscuration of reproductive organs.

Who is responsible for obtaining informed consent for an HSG?

The radiologist or gynecologist.

What patient position is used during an HSG?

Lithotomy position.

Why is strict sterile technique required during an HSG?

To reduce the risk of infection and peritonitis.

What is the purpose of the speculum during an HSG?

To open the vaginal canal and visualize the cervix.

What is the purpose of a cervical dilator or uterine sound durante HSG?

To identify and access the cervical os.

What is the purpose of the uterine cannula during the procedure?

To allow contrast injection into the uterus and prevent backflow.

What type of contrast media is typically used for HSG?

Water-soluble iodinated contrast.

Why is contrast warmed before performing an HSG?

To reduce uterine and tubal spasm.

How can cold contrast produce a false-negative HSG result?

By causing tubal spasm that mimics obstruction.

Approximately where is the detector centered for an HSG?

About $2\,\text{inches}$ proximal to the pubic symphysis.

What instrument is attached to the cervix to provide counterpressure during injection?

Tenaculum.

What projection is most commonly used during HSG?

AP projection.

What radiographic finding confirms that the fallopian tubes are patent?

Free spill of contrast into the peritoneal cavity.

What structures should be visualized on a diagnostic HSG image?

Cannula, uterine cavity, uterine horns, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal spill.

What part of the HSG procedure is often the most uncomfortable for the patient?

Contrast injection and tubal filling.

What major complication can occur if sterile technique is not maintained during HSG?

Peritonitis.

What is a rare vascular complication that may occur during HSG?

Hemorrhage.

What information must the technologist verify before the HSG begins?

Patient identity and pregnancy status.

What specific procedural data should the technologist document after HSG?

Fluoroscopy time, contrast amount, pain level, and procedural events.

Why is a sanitary pad often provided to the patient after an HSG?

Contrast media may leak after the procedure.

What does the abbreviation UFE stand for?

Uterine Fibroid Embolization.

What is another name for Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)?

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE).

What is the primary goal of the UFE procedure?

To shrink fibroids by blocking their blood supply.

Through which artery is UFE usually performed?

Femoral artery.

Which imaging modality is used to guide catheter placement during UFE?

Fluoroscopy.

What is the function of embolic agents used during UFE?

To block blood flow to fibroids.

Why must both uterine arteries be embolized during UFE?

To ensure complete treatment of the fibroids.

What are the common symptoms of post-embolization syndrome?

Pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting.

Name three contraindications to Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE).

Pregnancy, active infection, and coagulopathy.

What major surgical procedure may be required if UFE fails or cannot be performed?

Hysterectomy.

What are the Structures

B: Cannula (inserted within the uterine cavity via the cervix)

C: Uterine body cavity (shape is filled with contrast media)

D: Uterine/fallopian tubes (contrast media is filling the length of the tubes)

E: Spill of contrast (as contrast media reaches the end of the tubes, it spills freely within the pelvic cavity, often surrounding the ovaries)