DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

what happens during digestion

• ingestion

• digestion

• absorption

• compaction

• defacation

stomach

muscular sac that stores food, begins protein and fat digestion

liver

body’s largest gland, secretes bile

gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile by absorbing water and electrolytes

pancreas

endocrine portion: secretes insulin and glucagon
exocrine portion: secretes pancreatic juice

small and large intestines

small: site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption, longest in digestive tract

large: forms feces before elimination through rectum and anus

role of villi in small intestine

increases surface area for nutrient absorption

rectum

portion ending at anal canal

gastric juice

mix of water, HCl, and pepsin

where mechanical and chemical digestion takes place

mechanical: mouth, stomach, small intestine

chemical: salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

how proteins are broken down and what they turn into

broken down by digestion turning into amino acids

what form of glucose is stored in the liver

glycogen

hormones that stimulate stomach acid

gastrin

cardiac (lower esophogeal) sphincter

controls food entry from esophagus to stomach

pyloric sphincter

regulates passage of chyme into duodenum