HN US HIstory 10 - Unit 10

lincoln's inaugural address

-in this speech, Lincoln says that there won't be a war unless the south starts it

-he also said that it was impossible for the 7 southern states to secede

march 4, 1861

when was lincoln inaugurated?

border states

-the union slaveholding states that did not secede

-marlyand, delaware, kentucky, and missouri

first shots fired of the war

the firing on fort sumter were the ___

lincoln's reaction to fort sumter

-he calls for 75,000 volunteers for the army and asks that they serve for 3 months

-he orders a blockade of all southern ports

-he sends US naval ships to blockade, stopping imports and exports so that the confederacy's economy suffers

virginia

-after fort sumter, the state of _ decides to secede from the union on April 17, 1861

-they believe they can't fight against their fellow southern states

battle of fort sumter

-there are 80 union soldiers inside this fort

-supplies are running short, and Lincoln doesn't want them to have to surrender the fort to the confederacy

-he agrees to send food only, but no weapons

-he tells SC what he plans to do

-south sees this as an act of aggression and on April 12, 1861, the confederates fire on this fort

-there are no casualties

importance of border states

-railroad lines run through maryland and west va

-west va allows access to ohio river (which flows into mississippi)

-missouri opens the road to the west and allows access to mississippi river

-tennessee (didn't get to keep) had lots of farmland

-va (didn't get to keep) had huge ironworks industry

west virginia

in 1863 part of virginia secedes from virginia, forming __

"billy yank"

-one of the two brothers who fought for opposite sides

-the one who fought for the Union

"johnny reb"

-one of the two brothers who fought for opposite sides

-the one who fought for the confederacy

north advantages

-more industrialized

-more resources

-factories

-food production

-more railroad lines

-stronger economy

-navy

plains indians

the group of native americans that sided with the Union during the war because they don't like the Cherokee

5 civilized tribes

the group(s) of native americans that sided with the confederacy during the war because many of them were slave owners

south advantages

-king cotton + profits

-strong military generals and military traditions

-soldiers were defending home land

-don't need to win, just a tie

north disadvantages

incompetent leaders

south disadvantages

-few factories

-few resources

-shortage of food and supplies

-poor transportation systems

north strategies

-anaconda plan:

1. blockade southern ports

2. move down and take control of mississippi river to cut confederacy in half

-capture confederate capital; richmond

south strategies

-survive

-be on the defense

-attack or invade north if opportunity arises

why the south thought they had great britain's support

-great britain bought their cotton

why great britain did not support the south

-they had a surplus of cotton and didn't need any more

-lincoln's blockade made it hard to get cotton, and it was easier to just get it somewhere else

-britain NEEDS grain from the north

secretary of state william seward

who threatened war against Great Britain if they got involved with the Civil War?

the trent affair

-the confederate government sent 2 diplomats (james mason + john slidell) on a british mail ship called the Trent to great britain

-the Trent is stopped by an american ship, the Sanjacinto, and they are arrested by the american navy

-the Trent was a british ship and great britain is mad and threatens to declare war on the US

-lincoln releases the 2 diplomats to avoid war ; "one war at a time"

Trent

name of British ship involved in trent affair

Sanjacinto

name of US ship involved in trent affair

the alabama

-it is a commerce raider (like a pirate ship)

-built by the british for the confederacy

-not considered a warship because it was unarmed when it left britian

-it traveled to the portuguese azores and picked up british weapons and a british crew

-officers aboard are confederates

-it never entered a confederate port, and is mainly used to capture ships to loot them

-it is destroyed by a Union ship near france

-great britain later pays $15 million for the damage caused to american ships because of it

laird rams

-these are two confederate ships built in great britain by John Laird

-they are called rams because they are equipped with iron "rams" / horns and large caliber guns

-it could destroy wooden union ships

-the concern was that if the confederacy takes possession of them, they could break the union blockade

-the british royal navy buys them instead of sending them to confederacy to avoid war with US Union

-there was also concern about union invading canada if they broke the blockade

lincoln's questionable decisions

-blockade of southern ports

-increase size of federal army

-suspend writ of habeas corpus (could now be arrested without being told of your crime)

-placing limitations on ways of life in border states (supervised voting, limited press, heavy military presence)

the anaconda plan

1. Blockade southern ports

2. To move down the mississippi river, have the union take control of it, thus splitting the confederacy in half

3. Capture the confederate capital of Richmond

writ of habeas corpus

Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War.

conscription law (draft)

-the Union army is initially made up from only volunteers but enthusiasm is dwindling down and people are deserting their troops

-in 1863 the US government passes this draft

-however rich people could easily get out of it by either hiring a substitute or paying $300

new york draft riots

-these riots come after the conscription law is passed

-immigrants (like the irish) were eligible to be drafted, but african americans weren't

-irish resented them for not having to go

-if the irish leave for war then they lose out on job opportunities

draft in the south

-the south needed to draft soldiers because they had a smaller population

-if you owned 20 slaves you were exempt from military service

-rich people could purchase a sub for $300 but not in 1863

income tax

the Union passes this to help pay for the war

morrill tariff act

it raised the Tariff of 1857 in the union

greenbacks

-paper money issued by the Union

-causes trouble because they aren't backed by gold, leads to inflation

-$450 million of these are issued