china, extrme environments, waterfalls, microclimates

distribution

the way in which something is spread.

densely populated

lots of people per square km

sparsely populated

few people per square km

migration

the movement of people from one place to another

what is a push factor

something that makes people want to leave an area

what is a pull factor

something that makes people want to come to an area

examples of push factors

lack of services, crop failure, drought, poverty

examples of pull factors

higher employment, good climate, better services

label

1- yellow river, 2- yangtze river

how does a waterfall form?

Hard rock (e.g. granite) overlies softer rock (e.g. clay). Hydraulic action and abrasion erode the softer rock quicker than the hard rock, washing it away downstream. This creates a plunge pool where corrasion deepens it further. Over time, erosion of the soft rock creates an unsupported overhang of hard rock, which eventually collapses. The waterfall retreats upstream, forming steep-sided gorges. This process continually repeats.

hydraulic action

the shear force of the waterfall moving

abrasion

where the river rubs stones that are being transported against the bed of a river and therefore breaking it down.

corrasion

where water is swirled around and debris swept into the plunge pool by the river will be swirled around and rub against the bed and banks of the plunge pool.

what latitude are deserts at?

low latitude

what latitudes are cold environments at?

high latitude

why do arctic foxes need dense fur?

dense fur traps heat close to the body and keeps the fox warm in freezing temperatures. It provides insulation against icy winds.

why do arctic foxes need short legs?

short legs reduce surface area, so less heat is lost from the body. smaller extremities help conserve body heat in cold climates.

why do arctic foxes need padded feet?

padded feet help protect their feet from ice and snow, provide grip on slippery surfaces, and add insulation from the freezing ground.

what are some challenges of cold environments?

extreme temperatures, winter temps can fall below -30°C, with a risk of frostbite. permafrost means that road travel cannot take place in the summer. also, the process of the ground freezing and un-freezing can make large boggy areas, making travel impossible in places.

what are some opportunities of cold environments?

3000 rivers, 3m lakes and 10686km of alaskan coastline can provide many economic activities linked with fishing. tourism is popular in cold environments due to some unique wildlife. there are also vast reserves of oil and gas which can be extracted, which provide over 100,000 jobs in alaska which provide 90% of the states income.

shelter

this reduces the effect of the wind which can make places feel warmer than those which are more exposed.

physical features

can affect both temperature and wind eg. trees provide shade. lakes and the sea help to absorb excess heat in the summer, keeping places cooler and they give off heat in the winter keeping places warmer.

surface

dark surfaces warm up the most and light surfaces reflect heat.

buildings

give off heat and warm surroundings

aspect

direction which a place is facing. eg.south facing slopes are warmer as they gain the most sunlight.