Biochem Lab

Lipids

• it include any compound created by living organisms that resist reaction with water, including fats, hormones, oils, and membranes

• Energy storage

• insulation

• carrying messages between cells

• forming cellular membranes

Lipids serve many important roles, including………..

Amphipathic

Lipids that form cellular membranes are usually _____, meaning that one end of each lipid molecule is attracted to water and the other repels water.

Hydrolysis

• happends in the presence of hot material acids or specific enzymes

Rancidity

• Hydrolysis and oxidation of the fat or oil results to ________

• This is characterized by disagreeabke odor and taste.

Hydrogenation

• This is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids.

• A process that converts oil to fats.

Acrolein formation

• Once glycerol was hydrolysez, it can be converted to _____.

• This compound is responsible for the unpleasant odor when fat or oil is burned.

Bile

-is formed in liver and stored in gall bladder

golden yellow

700-1200mL

Bile is ___ colored viscous liquid. Daily output ranges from __________

Protein

• are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.

• they do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, functins and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

Amino acids

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called ______, which are attached to one another in a long chains.

Hydrolysis

• this refers to the breaking of the peptide bonds that connect amino acids to compose protein.

Denaturation

• involves the disruption and possible destruction of both the secondary and tertiary structures.

• disrupts the normal alpha-helix and beta sheets in a protein and uncoils it into a random shape.

Bluish violet

Biuret test (presence of Proteins)

An alkaline solution of protein is treated with a drop of aqueous copper sulfate and a _____ color is obtained.

Purple ring appears between the 2 layers

Hopkins-Cole rection

A ______ of the test is positive for tryptophan.

glyoxylic acid reaction

Hopkins-Cole Reaction, also known as the _________

Hopkins-Cole Reaction

-is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins.

White precipitate

brick red color

Millions Reaction

First, a _________ is formed when proteins are treated with millions reagent and then turns to _____ color on boilingm this confirms the presence of proteins.

violet

Ninhydrin Test

The appearance of ___ color solution confirms the presence of proteins.

a brown or black color on the lead acetate paper

Sulfur test

Yellow precipitate

Xanthroproteic Test

The appearance of a ___ ___ solution confirms the presence of proteins.

TT1- positive

TT2- negative

TT3- positive

TT4- positive

TT5- negative

Biuret test

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

TT1(casein suspension) = positive

TT2(glycine)= negative

TT3(gelatin)= negative

TT4(albumin)= positive

TT5(tyrosine)= negative

Hopkins-Cole reaction

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

TT1(casein suspension) = positive

TT2(glycine)= negative

TT3(gelatin)= negative

TT4(albumin)= positive

TT5(tyrosine)= positive

Million’s Test

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

TT1(casein suspension) = positive

TT2(glycine)= positive

TT3(gelatin)= positive

TT4(albumin)= positive

TT5(tyrosine)= positive

Ninhydrin Test

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

TT1(casein suspension) = positive

TT2(glycine)= negative

TT3(gelatin)= negative

TT4(albumin)= positive

TT5(tyrosine)= negative

Sulfur Tests

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

TT1(casein suspension) = positive (yellow only)

TT2(glycine)= positive (yellow only)

TT3(gelatin)= positive (yellow only)

TT4(albumin)= positive (turns to orange)

TT5(tyrosine)= positive(turns to orange)

Xanthoproteic Test

TT1(casein suspension) =

TT2(glycine)=

TT3(gelatin)=

TT4(albumin)=

TT5(tyrosine)=

Paper Chromatography

• is an analytical tool for distinguishing different biomolecule based on their chemical properties.

• One of the oldest and most reliable forms of chromatography

Enzyme

• are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly apeed up to rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place wihtin cells.