Dr Raymond Bio 205 - Infectious Disease

infection

invasion or colonization of the body by a pathogen

disease

any change from a state of health

acute

type of disease that develops rapidly but is short term

chronic

type of disease that develops slowly but has a continual progression

latent

type of disease where a pathogen remains inactive until conditions are right for its activation

communicable

type of disease that spreads from host to host

contagious

type of communicable disease that easily spreads from host to host

non-communicable

type of disease that is not spread from host to host

epidemiology

study of where and when diseases occur

incidence

number of new cases of a disease in a given population or area

Prevalence

total number of cases of a disease in a given population or area

endemic

a disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency in a given population or area

epidemic

a disease that occurs at a greater frequency in a given population or area

pandemic

an epidemic disease that occurs simultaneously on more than one continent

sporadic

a disease that there are only a few cases of at any given time

etiology

the cause of an infectious disease

sign

an objective manifestation of a disease

symptom

a subjective manifestation of a disease

pathogenicity

the ability to cause a disease

virulence

the degree of pathogenicity of a disease

symbiosis

two organisms living together

mutualism

two organisms living together where both benefit from the relationship

commensalism

two organisms living together where one benefits and the other is unaffected

parasitism

two organisms living together where one benefits and the other is harmed

biofilm

slimy glue like substance bacteria secrete to help them adhere to surfaces in aqueous environments

extra-cellular enzymes, toxins, anti-phagocytic factors

What are the 3 virulence factors

No

Do antibiotics stop extra-cellular enzymes

cytotoxin

Type of toxin that kills or affects the function of a cell

neurotoxin

Type of toxin that interferes with nerve fibers

enterotoxin

type of toxin that kills the cells lining the GI tract

animal, human and non-living

what are the 3 reservoirs of infectious disease

respiratory tract

What is the most common portal of entry

broken skin, mucous membranes, placenta, parenteral

what are the 4 portals of entry through which pathogens can invade

parenteral

portal of entry in which the pathogen is directly deposited into the tissue by something like a needle stick or mosquito bite

the same way they came in, but via secretions

How do pathogens typically exit a human host

Incubation, vague/general signs and symptoms, illness, decline, convalescence

what are the five stages of infectious disease

contact, vehicle, vector

What are the three modes of transmission of infectious diseases

direct contact

person to person disease transfer through bodily contact

indirect contact

person to person disease transfer via a fomite

direct, indirect, droplet

what are the 3 types of contact transmission of infectious disease

vehicle transmission

what type of infectious disease transmission is spread by air, water, fluid and body fluids

vector

what type of infectious disease transmission is spread by insects that are either infected with or passively carrying the disease

catheter-associated urinary tract infection

what is the most common healthcare acquired infection

wash your hands, maintain good housekeeping, use PPE correctly, handle sharps promptly, isolate patients with infectious disease, prescribe antibiotics appropriately, educate staff/patients/visitors

what are some ways we can decrease the risk of getting a healthcare acquired infection