AP Gov Unit 1B Test [FLASHCARDS]

walter johnson hs - chapters 1-3

Federalists

Advocated for a strong national government to maintain order and unity.

Anti-Federalists

Opposed the Constitution, fearing a powerful central government would threaten individual liberties.

Key Beliefs of Federalism vs Anti-Federalism

Federalists supported a strong central government; Anti-Federalists emphasized the need for a Bill of Rights and equal power for states

Federalist Papers

A series of essays arguing for the Constitution's ratification, addressing Anti-Federalist concerns.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791, designed to protect individual liberties.

Articles of Confederation

Lacked a strong central authority, leading to inefficiency and no power to tax.

Constitution

Established a federal system with a strong central government and a system of checks and balances.

John Locke

Philosopher whose theories emphasized that government authority derives from the consent of the governed.

Social Contract

The agreement individuals make to form a government to protect their rights.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Allows Congress to make laws necessary to execute its powers

Commerce Clause

Grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states.

Supremacy Clause

Establishes that the Constitution and federal laws take precedence over state laws.

Delegated Powers

Powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution.

Implied Powers

Powers not explicitly stated but necessary and overall implied to implement enumerated powers.

Inherent Powers

Powers essential for government function, not explicitly listed in the Constitution.

Federalist #10

Addresses dangers of factions and advocates for a large republic to protect minority rights.

Federalist #51

Discusses the need for checks and balances to prevent tyranny in government.

Brutus #1

Critiques the proposed Constitution, warning against an overreaching central government.

Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and states.

Marbury v Madison

Established judicial review, affirming the power of the Supreme Court.

McCulloch v Maryland

Confirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws and upheld implied powers.

U.S v Lopez

Limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, reinforcing state authority.

Amendment 10

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Requires states to recognize and enforce the public acts and judicial proceedings of other states.

Categorical Grants

Federal funds provided for a specific purpose with strict regulations.

Project Grants

Competitive grants awarded for specific projects or programs.

Block Grants

Federal funds given to states with fewer restrictions for flexibility in spending.

Funded Mandates

Federal requirements that come with financial support for states to comply.

Non-Funded Mandates

Federal requirements imposed on states without funding, leading to financial strain.