Cells, Organelles

Cell Wall

a rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants

Nucleus

in plant & animal cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cells activities - "control center"

Organelle

a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Cytoplasm

the thick, jelly like fluid region of a plant and animal cell that holds the organelles

Mitochondria

rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions - the "powerhouse" of the plant and animal cell

Vacuole

a sac like organelle that stores water, food & other materials in both plants and animals

Chloroplast

an organelle in the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food

Cell Membrane

an organelle in both plant and animal cells that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Plant Cell

square shaped cell that contains cell wall and chloroplast and contains one large vacuole

Animal Cell

round shaped cell that contains a cell membrane, nucleus and small vacuoles

Function

how something works, its job/role/purpose

Cell Theory A

All living things are made of cells

Cell Theory B

the cell is the Basic unit of life

Cell Theory C

cells Come from pre-existing cells

Pro = ?

no

Eu/You = ?

true

Prokaryotes are/have: (6 things)

no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, DNA is free floating, simple cell organization, unicellular

Eukaryotes have/are: (4 things)

a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, complex cell organization, DNA is in nucleus

Membrane Bound Organelles

Structures within eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, etc

Free floating

DNA in prokaryotic cells that is not contained within a nucleus.

Organelles in ALL Eukaryotes

nucleus, mitocondria, ER, golgi apparatus

Organelles only in plants

cell Wall, large vacuole, cholorplast

All cells have:

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA (not an organelle)

Cell Membrane also know as

fluid mosaic model, phospholipid bilayer

ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

transports material for protein and lipids, connected to nucleus, like a highway

Golgi Apparatus

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Chloroplast

Makes food, photosynthesis, makes plant green

Levels of Cell Organization

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Selectively Permeable

allows some substances to pass through while blocking others

Passive Transport

movement of molecules across the membrane WITHOUT ENERGY, from high to low concentration

Types of Passive Transport

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Diffusion

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

osmosis

the diffusion of water across a membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

passive transport that uses protein channels to move large or charged molecules

Active Transport

movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high), using energy (ATP)

Types of Active Transport

endocytosis, exocytosis, and the sodium-possasium pump

Endocytosis

the process of taking materials into the cell by folding the membrane inward

Exocytosis

the process of moving materials out of the cell using vesicles