AP Bio 5.1 and 5.2

Amphipathic

Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Selective permeability

Controls what substances can pass through

Fluid mosaic model

Membrane is a mosaic patchwork that is always moving somewhat fluidly, explains separation of interior and exterior, permeability and transport, made of phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and cholesterol

Saturated fatty acids

Solid at room temperature, only single carbon to carbon bonds and are therefore “saturated” with hydrogen, can store and provide greater energy

Unsaturated fatty acids

Carbon double bonds, liquid at room temperature, double bond with fatty acid creates wrinkles in the chain so it can’t pack tightly together enough to be solid at room temperature (mono or polyunsaturated, depending on # of double bonds)

Cholesterol

Key component of cell membranes, essential to hormone production, nonpolar

Steroid

Two main functions: manage the fluidity of cell membrane, signaling molecules throughout body, family of lipids, fused rings

Integral proteins

Proteins attached to cell membranes, transport materials across membrane, signal transduction, nutrients

Peripheral proteins

Proteins temporarily attached to cell membrane, don’t integrate, support and communication functions, enzymes

Transport protein

Proteins carrying materials across the barrier of cell membrane, gatekeepers of the cell (two types: carrier proteins and channel proteins, one carries and the other interacts to form a substance across membrane)

Enzymatic proteins

Enzymes are a type of proteins that bring reactants together and speed up chemical reactions, biological catalysts

Cell to cell recognition glycoproteins

Glycoproteins embedded in cell membranes with carb chain extending out, act on recognition cells