DE US HISTORY (22-24)

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

The automobile:

spurred growth in other industries such as tourism and steel production.

For the feminist woman in the 1920s, freedom meant:

the right to choose her lifestyle.

The rise of the automobile did all of the following EXCEPT:

Opened Alaska to tourism

American foreign policy during the 1920s:

reflected the close relationship between government and business.

The growing consumerism of the 1920s manifested itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Passenger rail service

Which statement about politics in the 1920s is FALSE?

Women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party.

American farmers in the 1920s

increasingly migrated out of rural areas.

Who said the "business of America is business"?

Calvin Coolidge

The flapper:

epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior.

All of the statements about Prohibition during the 1920s are true EXCEPT:

religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.

Warren G harding:

oversaw a presidential administration plagued by scandal.

The teapot dome scandal involved:

the secretary of the interior, which received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies

The amendment in the constitution that banned the manufacture or sale of Intoxicating liquors was ratified

1919 (18th amendment)

Which of the following statements best assesses Herbert Hoovers qualification for the presidency in 1928?

His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hurt times.

During the 1920s, American multinational corporations:

extended their reach throughout the world

He defended John T. Scopes in the Monkey" Trial

Clarence Darrow

Prohibition was difficult to enforce due to what?

Public's demand for recreational substances

Why did General Motors (GM) surpass Ford in sales of automobiles in the 1920s?

GM successfully marketed different styles and designs.

The Red Scare was:

fear of the spread of violent communist within the United States

Eleanor Roosevelt:

Was especially supportive of women, African Americans, and organized labor

President Hoover was slow to react due to his philosophy of:

Laissez Faire

What year did the Stock Market Crash?

October 29, 1929

The 21st Amendment

Ended Prohibition

The unemployment rate rose to what level during the Great Depression Nationally?

25%

The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through:

Cutback in production

Among the objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority were all the following EXCEPT:

The development of Smoky Mountain National Park

Which of the following was NOT a underlying cause of the Great Depression?

elimination of tariffs

The "dust bowls" described by John Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath had the greatest impact on

farmers on the Great Plains

Which of the following New Deal programs is incorrectly matched?

FERA - legitimized unions

Not being able to convict Al Capone on bootlegging charges, the federal government convicted him for:

Tax evasion

Labor unions lost members in the 1920s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day.

The Ku Klux Klan expanded its membership significantly during the early 1920s, primarily into which region of the United States?

Northern states

Franklin D. Roosevelt:

Was permanently disabled after contracting polio

At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt:

Declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly

Part of the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which did what?

Insured a certain amount of money in a banking account

The Fireside Chats were

Radio transmissions to reassure Americans

Which was a guiding principle of New Deal policies?

Government must assume greater responsibility for helping the unfortunate

What was Roosevelt's goal in creating the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?

restore the public's faith in financial institutions

The 1937 economic slump was caused in partly by:

A sharp decrease in government spending

The public works Administration did all of the following except

Provide funding for the military

The main purpose of the civilian conservation corps was to

Provide work releif for young men

Glass-Steagall Act did what upon its passage

Provided Federal oversight and separated banking and investment firms

During the Depression, the U.S. government deported 500,000 Mexican Americans and their American-born children because:

Officials wanted to avoid the costs of providing them with public service

These were all policies of President. Franklin Roosevelt except:

Roosevelt Corollary

What happened to the Bonus Marchers?

the army forcefully removed them from Washington, D.C.

Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?

Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.

The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was:

Soviet Union

Which of the following statements about the attack on Pearl Harbor is NOT true?

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials

Which of the following is NOT true of the Yalta conference in 1945?

stalin agreed to leave the southern and eastern europe out of the soviet sphere

Following the defeat of Germany:

came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by:

invading the Soviet Union

During World War II, African-Americans:

witnessed the birth of the modern civil rights movement.

During the war, Americans:

experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.

What was the "final solution"?

Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's policy toward Latin America in the 1930s is referred to as the

Good Neighbor Policy

As a result of World War II:

The depression ended

After the us entered WWII

Americans experienced a series of military losses

Under the bracero program

Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate but they were denied the right of citizenship

During World War II, Native Americans:

Served in the military and worked in war production

The use of atomic bombs against Japan had what significance?

they allowed the americans to avoid an amphibious invasions of japan

germanys invasian of what country triggered the beggining of world war II in europe

poland

in 1940, the cash and carry plan in practice:

allowed great britian to purchase us arms on a restricted basis

D-day refers to the

Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy

Which of the following was NOT a component of the Washington Naval Conference

limitations on aircraft carrier development

the lend-lease act:

authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.

the manhattan project

enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on theories of german scientists involving energy and matter

in the united states during World War II:

unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.

the principles of freedom embodied by the 1941 atlantic charter

reflected the idea of a global extension of the new deal that would improve the quality of life for people all over the world

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals / commies and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities. 6000 arrested

Sacco and Vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

Scopes Trial (1925)

Tennessee legal case involving the teaching of evolution in public schools. Scopes, a biology teacher, was tried for teaching Darwinism in public school. Clarence Darrow was one of Scopes' attorneys, while William Jennings Bryan, a leading Christian fundamentalist, aided the state prosecutor. Darrow put Bryan on the stand and sharply questioned Bryan on the latter's literal interpretation as appropriate for science class. Bryan was humiliated and died a few days after the trial. Scopes was convicted.

Emergency Quota Act

1921 Act that stipulates only 3% of 1910 immigrants are allowed in

Immigration act 1924

quota reduced 2% with a base year of 1890

Who were the three republicans in power in the 1920s

Harding, coolidge, hoover

Hardings slogan

"Return to normalcy"

Hoovers slogan

A chicken in every pot and a car in every garage

On margin

buying a stock by paying only a fraction of the stock price and borrowing the rest

Phases of new deal

Releif recovery reform

relief phase:

FERA: federal emergency relief act, federal gov gives money to state to distribute, made states make more work projects for more money

CCC: civilian conservation corps, young men did public service works

WPA: works progress administration, expansion of fine arts in public

PWA: public works building projects, built airports, schools, cost billions

Recovery

"Pump - Priming" Temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand.

NRA- national recovery act, was declared unconstitutional because of blue eagle buisnesses, coordinated gov, labor, and buisness

AAA- agricultural adjustment act, pays farmers not to farm, unconstitutional despite being effective

Reform

FDIC- federal deposit insurance Corporation, guarantees bank deposits up to a certain amount incase banks collapse

TVA- tennesse valley authority, buikds dams on tennesse river, provides electrical power, irrigation control, recreation

NLRA- national labor relations act aka wagner act aka magna carta of labor , legalizes unions

Securities and exchanges commision- regulates stock trading

Social Security act- unemployment abd retirement insurance

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A Japanese reform movement that returned power to the emperor and embraced western ideas/industrialized

Flying tigers

American pilots who volunteered to fight for China

Munich Conference

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.

Non-Aggression Pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Operation Barbarossa

Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

When did the United States join WW2?

December 8 1941 (after pearl harbor)

Cost-plus system

Government agreed to pay companies who produced goods quicker and get profit (increased power of federal gov)

Selective Training and Service Act

1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service- first peacetime draft

Double V Campaign

The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad." Migrated west and northwest

Korematsu v. US

1944 Supreme Court case in which the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor

When was D-Day

June 6, 1944

Jazz:

Blended African and European musical traditions

The term new deal comes from

a speech FDR gave on the campaign trail

The shantytowns of the depression were often called

Hoovervilles

What was an effect of the great depression on the american economy

High unemployment and falling real estate values

Which statement about the japanese american internment is false

Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave