Art History: LATE GOTHIC THROUGH BOSCH: SLIDE LISTS FOR CLASSES #1-3 & 4A

Form

Visual aspect: line, color, shape, light, texture, space, mass, volume (A feature of the form of David by Donatello is that is is brown due to the bronze medium it was created in)

Content

subject matter (not all works of art) (The content of Virgin and Child Enthroned by Cimabue is Mary and Jesus)

Tempura

Ground up egg yolk that is added to pigment that is durable and fast drying ("Virgin and child enthroned" by Cimabue or Giotto)

Panel Painting

a painting made on a flat panel made of wood, either a single piece, or a number of pieces joined together (Virgin and child enthroned is tempura and gold on wood panel)

Renaissance Humanism

Classical world --> dark (middle) ages --> Italian humanism subjects of art became increasingly realistic showcasing independent thought (an example is "The Vitruvian man" by Leonardo)

Renaissance Triangle

Artists arranged their paintings in a triangular composition to convey a sense of order (?)

Orthogonal

Used in perspective, they are implied lines that converge at a vanishing point in linear perspective (the orthogonals in "the school of Athens" leads to between Aristotle and plato founders of philosphy)

Vanishing point

where the orthogonals converge in linear perspective, in "the school of Athens" it is in between Plato and Artistotle

Sfumato

(meaning smokey) Technique of painting featuring subtle, imperceptible transition of light and dark in shading as if viewed through smog (hall mark of Leonardo's style) ("The Virgin of the Rocks" by Leonardo)

Medium

the materials used ("The Vitruvian man" by Leonardo is done in ink)

Stanza

room (School of Athens is in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican)

Lunette

A semicircular wall area, framed by
an arch over a door or window. Can be either plain or
decorated. (Parnasus or School of Athens by Raphael inspired by Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine bc of the battle of Milvain bridge)

Buon fresco

A wet fresco where paint is applied with water-based paint on wet plaster. it has amazing durability because of the chemical reaction but must be done quickly with no mistakes. Done over arriccio (undercoat of plaster), over which a cartoon was traced (the underpainting), then applied intonaco (a thin layer of fresh plaster), waited for it to be set (not dry) then artist mixed pigment with water painting from top down Divided by Giornata/e) (sistine chapel by Michelangelo)

Arriccio

the underlying coat of plaster applied directly to the wall or support

Cartoon

In painting, a full-size preliminary drawing from which a painting is made.

Spolvero

Literally "Dusting;" A method of transferring a preparatory cartoon or drawing onto another surface such as a wall by pricking paper or canvas with a pin and then pouncing chalk or charcoal into the perforated holes.

Pouncing

method of transferring a sketch onto paper or a wall by tracing, using thin paper or transparent gazelle skin placed on top of the sketch, pricking the contours of the design with a pin, placing the skin or paper on the surface to be painted, and forcing black pigment through the holes

Intonaco

a thin layer of fresh plaster applied over the cartoon, the painting begins when it is set but not dry

Giornata

"a days work" in Italian; each patch was what the artist planned to paint in a single day

Fresco Seco

Dry fresco, the color doesn't become apart of the wall and usually flakes off over time (The last supper)