MASTER CARDIO/PULM SECTION

What are the contraindications to performing percussion on a patient

an untreated pneumothorax

hemoptysis occurring less than 24 hours ago

platelet count less than 20,000/mm3

what is Angina pectoris

chest pain caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart due to a myocardial ischemia

what is apnea

absence of breathing

what is dyspnea

shortness of breath

what is eupnea

normal quiet breathing

what is orthopnea

difficulty breathing while lying down

How does hypoventilation affect CO2 and O2

increases PaCO2 and decreases PaO2

What are diuretics commonly used for

to treat patients with CHF and increase the formation and excretion of urine

what value would a patient with arterial insufficiency have

below 1.0

when is the presence of arterial insufficency indicated

by ABI value of less than 0.7

The sympathetic nervous system would contribute to what response with acute exercise

increased rate of breathing (beta 2 receptions causes bronchodilation)

what is a long term complication of type 1 diabetes

cardiac denervation where the HEART RATE BECOMES FIXED

what is polycythemia

an increase in both the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin;

an increase in whole blood and increase in blood pressure

what does an increased respiratory rate mean

there is an increased work of breathing and a sign of distress

Normal: 12-20 per minute

what is an expected response to cold therapy during the first 15-20 minutes

decreased circulation

what are the signs and symptoms of acute UVH?

a patient shows quads fatigue in an electromyography signal. what contributes to this increase in signal?

increase in fatigue

what would be an ACUTE change to occur with vigorous exercise in the muscle capillary bed

decrease in PO2

if a patient has nerve root impingement, how much traction would you use on the inital treatment?

25% body weight

if a patient has "creeping and crawling" down the legs with involuntary contractures of the calf muscles, what would be the diagnosis

restless leg syndrome

what side will the mediastinum shift with a hemothorax

the mediastinum will shift aay from the affected side

what is a normal prothrombin time

12-15 seconds

t/f: if platelet count is less than 10,000, can you exercise

No therapeutic exercise is indicated

if hemocrit value less than 25%, what does it mean

only essential activities of daily living are permitted

what side do you lay a patient on if they have pleural pain

pain is alleviated by lying on the affected side

what is common with patients with COPD

dorsal kyphosis

what is heparin used for

treatment of inviduals at risk for or with diagnosed with a DVT

a patient has a history of diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart failure, 10 second venous filling time, negative homan's sign and rubor of dependency test. which diagnosis support this finding?

chronic venous insufficiency

a pts heart rate is measuring the time necessary for 30 beats. the therapist measured the value of 22 seconds. The patients heart rate was recorded as

82 bpm

a borg score of 16/20 indicates what maximal heart rate zone

80-90% max heart rate

what is approximately 10% of a patients total lung capacity?

tidal volume

what medicine would a patient take that has an ejection fracture?

ACE inhibitor agent

what medicine would be used that would have direct effects on skeletal muscle cells?

dantrolene sodium

what is important to incorporate with cardic rehabiliation patients

increase warm up and cool down period

if a patient performs an anterior tilited pelvis and creates spinal extension, what payttern of activity would be required to maintain upright posture

concentric contraction of spinal extensors

when is the most appropriate time to apply repeated contractions for a patient

at the point where the desired muscular response beings to diminish

what is the name of the response for mutal dependency between involved UE and LE

homolateral synkinesis

what happens with the sympathetic nervous system?

bronchial relaxationw

what happened with the parasympathetic nervous system

brochial constriction

where are the pump handle

upper ribs move up and forward (increase AP diameter)

where is the bucket handle

lower ribs increase transverse diameter

what muscles are in charge of inspiration

external intercostal muscles + diaphragm

what muscles are in charge of forced exhalation

internal intercostal muscles

what is pink forthy sputum mean

pulmonary edema

what is an atelectasis

collapsed lung

what does vesticular breath sounds sound like

soft and low

what are vesticular sounds in duration

inspiratory > expiratory

what are tracheal sounds

very loud and relatively high

what are the duration of sounds with tracheal breath

both inspirtaory and expiratory are equal

what are brochial breath sounds

loud and high

what are the duration of sounds with bronchial breath

expiratory louder than expiratory

what are rhonchi sounds

low pitched, continous sounds (SNORING)w

what are wheeze sounds

high pitched on expiration (ASTHMA)

what are crackle sounds

bried popping lung sounds that are high pitched (FLUID)w

what is plurel rub sounds

chronic inflammation of plurel rubbing together

what are signs and symptoms of obstructive lung disorder

difficulty with expiration, hypercapnia (increased CO2). pursed lip breathing, wheezing

what are signs and symptoms of restrictive disease

rapid shallow breathing, hypocapnia (decreased CO2), cyanosis, clubbing, segmental breathing

if someone is chocking, what is the name of the sound heard

stridor

normal fev1 for obstructive

greater than 80%

what are the 4 variables increasing in obstructive lung disease

tidal volume, function residual capacity, residual vollume, total lung volume

fev 1 remains normal in

restrictive lung capacity

what are signs and symptoms of emphysema

shortness of breath, hyper inflated lungs, barrel chest, use of accessory muscles of respirationw

what are signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis

chronic productive cough, often overweight, couph before dyspena, cyanotic, peripheral edema, mild sputum

what breathing technique is used for muscular coordination

diaphragmatic breathing

with atelectasis, what color will it appear on an xray

white in color

what is sarcoidosis

female patient: multisystem disorder which is caused by toxins and chemicals

what conditions make the trachea shift to the affected side

atelectasis

what condition makes the trachea deviate to unaffected side

pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion

when would you use paced breathing

low endurance tolerance

decreased FEV1/FVC on spirometry would be expected in the early diseases process of

COPD

what medicine is used for treatment of stable COPD

Symbicort to reduce inflammation and increase bronchial dilation

what breathing techniques are helpful for patients with COPD

paced breathing

what is autogenic drainage

a technique that involves a series of controlled breathing periods to mobilize secretions

what is an appropriate early intervention for dyspnea

allowing the patient to walk using tripoding with the use of a front wheeled walker, progressing as breathing improves

what is indicitive of an asthma exacerbation

decreased FEV1

what condition is a chronic disease that causes excessively thick, viscous secretions of the exocrine glands

cystic fibrosis

what are the primary muscles of expiration

absominals and internal intercostals

what is bronchopulmonary dysplasia

a chronic lung disease that develops in preterm neonates from damage to lung tissue and alveoli

what is the cornerstone treatment for venous stasis ulcers

compression therapy

what is a critical component of effective asthma control

adherence to prescribed pharmacologic management

which spirometry value is required to establish the diagnosis of COPD

Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7

atelectasis is a possible clinical manifistation of all except

pectus excavatum

what is used as a disease modifuing medicine in treatment of multiple sclerosis

beta interferon

if a patient drops below 90% for o2 stats, what should your next step be

have the patient continue to deep breath, report findings to MD and request an order for supplemental oxygen

what does a pulsatile mass in the abdomen a sign for

AAA- EMS immediately

what does a swan ganz catheter monitor for

hemodynamic monitoring of the heart

what tests is used to diagnose neurogenic claudication

bicycle test of van gelderen

what is the most effective intereventon in reducing the risk of developing COPD

smoking cessation

what is hoover’s sign

lateral chest wall being drawn in at rest and with inspiration

what is paradoxial breathing pattern

outward motion of abdominal area and inward motion of upper chest