Theories of Crime & Index Crimes

Deterrence Theory

People avoid crime if they believe punishment will be swift and certain.

Rational Choice Theory

Offenders commit crimes when rewards seem greater than risks.

Routine Activities Theory

Crime occurs when three things meet: a motivated offender, suitable target, and no capable guardian.

Differential Association Theory

Crime is learned through close personal relationships. People learn the skills and techniques needed to commit crimes. The more someone associates themselves with criminals, the more likely they are too commit crimes.

Social Learning Theory

People learn by watching, imitating, and being rewarded or punished. If someone sees crime being more rewarding than being punished, they may copy it. Role models, peer groups, and community influence behavior. Involves thinking through choices and weighing outcomes.

Social Control Theory

Strong bonds with family, school, and community keep people from crime. Weak bonds or lack of commitment to social rules increases risk of committing crime.

Labeling Theory

Being labeled a “criminal” can change how people see themselves and may push them further into crime if they feel excluded from society.