Oogenesis, Folliculogenesis, and Egg Maturation

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Animal Science Oogenesis

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33 Terms

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Ovary Two Major Functions

Oogenesis/Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis

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Oogenesis

Produce fertilizable ova (pre-natally)

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Steroidogenesis

Produce steroid hormones that maintain repro tract, facilitate migration of early embryo, and assist in successful implantation

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Folliculogenesis

Growth of the ovarian follicle (contains the oocyte)

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Female - XX Chromosome Pair (d35-36)

No SRY Protein → Ovaries develop → No AMH → Paramesonephric ducts become the oviducts, uterus, cervix, and part of vagina → Complete female repro tract

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2 Prenatal Stages of Oocyte Maturation

  1. Mitotic division (oogonia)

    1. Nuclear Arrest (Primordial follicles)

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2 Postnatal phases of Oocyte maturation

  1. Cytoplasmic growth

  2. Resumption of meiosis

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Day 150 - Meiotic Arrest

Resulting in a fixed number of primordial follicles (ovarian reserve)

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Cortex

Contains ovarian structures (follicles and corpus lutea) and is where ovulation occurs

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Medulla

Contains the lymphatics, nerves, and vasculature

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Primordial Follicle

Single layer flattened follicular cells, fixed # at birth

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Primary Follicle

Single layer granulosa cells

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Secondary Follicle

>2 layers granulosa cells, no antrum, zona pellucida

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Tertiary Follicles

Multiple layers granulosa cells, antrum

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Theca externa

Connective tissue (Tissue support), blood vessels end

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Theca interna

Bind LH → testosterone

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Granulosa cells

Bind FSH → estrogen + follicle development

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Zona pellucida

Separates oocyte from granulosa cells

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______ days from activation to preovulatory

90

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_____ from prenatal to preovulatory (large antral) size

42

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______ days early antral to preovulatory (follicular wave)

10-13

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Recruitment

A cohort of small antral follicles begin to grow and produce estrogen

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Selection

One follicle selected to become dominant follicle (potentially ovulatory) from the cohort of previously recruited antral follicles

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Dominance

Dominant follicle produces increasing amount if estrogen and inhibin

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Dominant follicles exert ______ ______ on other antral follicles from the cohort

Inhibitory effects

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GnRH - Hypothalamus

Causes release of gonadotropins

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LH - Anterior Pituitary Gland

Estrogen production; Causes ovulation

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FSH - Anterior Pituitary Gland

Estrogen production; Granulosa cell mitosis and follicular fluid production to form antrum

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E2 - Ovarian Follicles

many - mating behavior

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P4 - Ovarian Corpus Luteum

Pregnancy Maintenance

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GnRH, LH, FSH critical roles in:

Steroidogenesis, growth, maturation, ovulation, and luteinization of the dominant follicle

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FSH plays a major role in _____ ______ and stimulates granulosa cell mitosis and ______ _____ ______

Antrum Formation

Follicular Fluid Formation

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