Elbow and Forearm Fall 2026 LECTURE

Coracobrachialis

What muscle is highlighted?

Tip of the coracoid process of scapula

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

Middle third of medial surface of humerus

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)

What is the nerve for the coracobrachialis?

-Flex arm at shoulder

-Adduct arm at shoulder

What are the actions for the coracobrachialis?

-Anterior raises

-Lateral pull down

What are the exercises for the coracobrachialis?

Biceps brachii

What muscle is highlighted?

Apex of coracoid process of scapula

What is the biceps brachii short head origin?

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

What is the biceps brachii long head origin?

-Tuberosity of radius

-Fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

What are the biceps brachii insertions?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)

What is the biceps brachii nerve?

-Supinates flexed forearm

-Flexes forearm at elbow

-Long head flexes shoulder

What are the biceps brachii actions?

-Incline curl

-Standing curl

-Preacher curl

-Overhead curl

What are the biceps brachii exercises?

Incline curl

What is the best exercise for the biceps long head?

Brachialis

What muscle is highlighted?

Distal half of anterior humerus

What is the origin of the brachialis?

-Coronoid process

-Tuberosity of ulna

What are the insertions of the brachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)

What is the nerve for the brachialis?

Flexes forearm at elbow in all positions

What is the action of the brachialis?

Reverse curl

What is the main exercise for the brachialis?

Brachioradialis

What muscle is highlighted?

Proximal 2/3rds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

Lateral surface of distal end of radius

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the brachioradialis?

Flexes forearm at elbow, especially in midpronation

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

Hammer curls

What is the exercise for the brachioradialis?

Triceps brachii

What muscle is highlighted?

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

What is the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii?

Posterior humerus

What is the origin of the lateral head of the triceps brachii?

Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

What is the origin of the medial head of the triceps brachii?

-Posterior surface of olecranon of ulna

-Fascia of forearm

What are the insertions for the triceps brachii?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the triceps brachii?

-Extends forearm at elbow

-Chief extensor of elbow

-Steadies head of abducted humerus (long head)

-Long head extends shoulder

What are the actions for the triceps brachii?

Anconeus

What is the muscle highlighted?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the anconeus?

-Assists triceps in extending elbow

-Abducts ulna during pronation

What are the actions of the anconeus?

-Tricep kickbacks

-Tricep pushdowns

-Skullcrushers

-Overhead raises

What are the exercises for the triceps and anconeus?

Overheads

What is the best tricep exercise for the long head?

The long head is fully stretched

Why are overheads the best exercise for the long head of the triceps?

Pronator teres

What muscle is highlighted?

-Medial epicondyle of humerus

-Coronoid process of ulna

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

Middle of lateral surface of radius

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the pronator teres nerve?

-Pronates forearm

-Flexes elbow

What are the actions of the pronator teres?

Pronator quadratus

What is the muscle highlighted?

Distal fourth of anterior surface to radius

What is the origin of the pronator quadratus?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the pronator quadratus?

Pronates forearm

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

Pronation (palm up to palm down) using dumbbells or bands

What is the exercise for the pronator muscles? (Pronator teres and pronator quadratus)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

What is the muscle highlighted?

Medial epicondyle of humerus

What is the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

-Olecranon

-Posterior border of ulna

What are the origins of the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

-Pisiform bone

-Hook of hamate bone

-5th metacarpal bone

What are the insertions for the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

What is the nerve for the flexor carpi ulnaris?

-Flexes hand at wrist

-Adducts hand at wrist

What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Flexor carpi radialis

What is the muscle highlighted?

Medial epicondyle of humerus

What is the origin for the flexor carpi radialis?

Base of 2nd metacarpal bone

What is the insertion for the flexor carpi radialis?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the flexor carpi radialis?

-Flexes hand at wrist

-Abducts hand at wrist

What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?

Flexor digitorum superficialis

What muscle is highlighted?

-Medial epicondyle of humerus

-Ulnar collateral ligament

-Coronoid process of ulna

What are the origins for the humeroulnar head for the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Superior half of anterior radius

What is the origin for the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the flexor digitorum superficialis?

-Flexes middle phalanges of medial four digits

-Weakly flexes proximal phalanges, wrist, and elbow

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Flexor digitorum profundus

What is the muscle highlighted?

Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

What is the nerve for the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus?

Palmaris longus

What muscle is highlighted?

Medial epicondyle of humerus

What is the origin of the palmaris longus?

-Distal half of flexor retinaculum

-Palmar aponeurosis

What are the insertions for the palmaris longus?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the palmaris longus?

-Flexes hand at wrist

-Tightens palmar aponeurosis

What are the actions of the palmaris longus?

Abduction

What motion is being shown at A?

Adduction

What motion is being shown at B?

Extension

What motion is being shown at C?

Flexion

What motion is being shown at D?

Flexor pollicis longus

What muscle is highlighted?

Base of distal phalanx of thumb on palmar aspect

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

Median nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the flexor pollicis longus?

Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

- Sitting wrist curl

-Standing wrist curl

- Wrist strengthening

What are the exercises for wrist flexors?

Supinator

What is the muscle highlighted?

-Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

-Radial collateral and anular ligaments

-Supinator fossa

-Crest of ulna

What is the origin of the supinator?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the supinator nerve?

Supinates forearm

What is the action of the supinator?

Supination

What exercise works the supinator?

Extensor carpi radialis longus

What muscle is shown?

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus

Base of 2nd metacarpal bone

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the extensor carpi radialis longus?

-Extends hand at wrist

-Abducts hand at wrist

What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

What is the muscle highlighted?

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

What is the origin for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Base of 3rd metacarpal bone

What is the insertion for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

What is the nerve for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

-Extends hand at wrist

-Abducts hand at wrist

What are the actions for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Extensor digitorum

What muscle is shown?

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

What is the origin for the extensor digitorum?

Extensor expansions of medial four digits

What is the insertion for the extensor digitorum?