Mountaineering Gear Essentials

Anti-venom kit

Kit for snake bite protection, advisable for mountaineers.

Lighter and Matches

should be waterproofed

TYING STRINGS

For lashing tent and other purposes.

WATER CONTAINERS TRAIL WATER

There are two kinds of water containers a non-collapsible and a collapsible one. Made of sturdy plastic, usually two separate 2-liter containers (total of 4 liters + trail water) should be enough for an overnight climb. Always check for a possible leak.

RICE AND EGGS

Not a necessity since some prefer pasta or bread,

GROUP EQUIPMENT

• Bolo
• Flag
• Cook set
• Ground sheet
• Map and compass
• Rope
• Tent
• Trowel
• Stove

Folding knife

Essential tool for protection and utility in the mountains. It is also better that a ______ _____ has other accessories such as can opener, scissors, screwdriver etc.

Minimize campfire impacts.

Fires destroy important natural areas. Many of these fires are either carelessly or accidentally set by uninformed campers and travelers. Large uncontrolled wildfires set unintentionally can spread rapidly and result in the critical loss of natural habitat, property and human life. First check whether fires are permitted in the place you are going.

Leave what you find.

When we leave rocks, shells, plants, feathers, fossils, artefacts, and other objects of interest as we find them, we pass the gift of discovery on to those who follow. Never disturb culturally sensitive sites.

Dispose of waste properly.

"Pack it in pack out". Any user of outdoors has a responsibility to clean-up before he or she leaves. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for rubbish or spoiled foods. Pack out all rubbish and kitchen waste including left over food.

Travel and camp on durable ground.

Ticking to the tracks is best they are specially made for walking on.

Plan ahead and prepare.

consider your goals and goals of group, gather info about yourself and your group about knowledge in first aid and equipment, pick an appropriate journey, be prepared to turn back if its dangerous or you sustain an injury

Fuel for stove

Standard camping stove fuels like gas, kerosene, or lighter fluid.

BACKPACK

is tested and trusted by mountaineers which is large enough to contain all the gear and provisions you will need for a certain trip.

BOOTS

quality of this is an investment and important equipment that protect a hiker from any injury of the foot during a trek.

CLOTHING

mountaineer should bring and wear is determined through the period of stay and weather condition in the wild. Outdoor _______ should provide protection against the elements.

WIND BREAKER

A light jacket without insulation which serves as shield from wind and cold.

SLEEPING BAG

Should not be heavy and bulky. It is capable of protecting the mountaineers from any elements in the wild.

DOG TAG AND WHISTLE

The name tag is for personal identification with your blood type and the whistle is for emergency signal.

FIRST AID KIT

has supplies enough to treat illnesses. In addition put other materials use for personal care such as alcohol, mosquito repellent etc. It is also advisable to bring an anti-venom kit for snake bite. Always checked the kit before trekking and put in in a safe container (water proof).

CANDLES

cheap alternative light source although not effective during windy conditions and a fire hazards.

FLASHLIGHT

all watertight _____ ____ with a bright bulb is a must. Headlamps can also be handy.

Earth pad

Mat for cushioning between mountaineer and ground during sleep.

Rain gear/poncho

Protective gear for camp movement, especially in cold conditions.

Packed lunch

First meal during climbing, easy to eat and digest.

Repair kit

Contains items like thread, needle, glue for equipment repair.

Sandals/slippers

Footwear for relaxation post-hike, prevents erosion in campsite.

Spoon and fork

Metal utensils for eating, preferably carried by mountaineers.

Toiletries

Contains essentials like toothbrush, floss, toothpaste, comb, and tissue which can be used as thread repair kit also

Leave No Trace Principle

Guideline for outdoor ethics, emphasizing minimal impact on nature.

Mount Amuyao

Mountain in Benguet, Cordillera Range, known for wildflowers and orchids.

Mount Singakalsa

Mountain in Benguet, Cordillera Range, with hidden waterfalls and hospitable natives.

Mount Maagnaw

Mountain in Bukidnon, Kitanglad Range. Most Fertile Lands in the Philippines, farming main source.

Mount Ragang

Mountain in Lanao del Sur, Piapayungan Range, known for the largest waterfalls in the country, major source of hydroelectric electricity

Respect Wildlife

Proximity to animals can alter their behavior, cautioning against interference.

Never Feed Wildlife

human food is toxic to many of animals living in the wild

Largest Waterfalls

Found in Lanao del Sur, a key source of hydroelectric power.

Mount Tabayoc

Located in Benguet, part of the Cordillera Range, has several endemic and endangered species of birds.

Be considerate of other visitors.

Consider the rights of traditional land owners, respect and pass quietly, and consider what they might be trying to get out of their outdoor experience.

Endemic Species

Unique and endangered bird varieties in Mount Tabayoc's virgin forest.

Mount Kalatungan

Located at Bukidnon, Kalatungan Range, hard terrain and free from typhoon, has a problematic shape and complex trails

Apo Sandawa

Spirit of Mount Apo, a revered entity.

Challenging Terrain

Mount Kalatungan rugged landscape adds difficulty for climbers.

Philippine Eagle

National bird, found in Mount Apo among 272 bird species.

Carina Dayondon

Climber who describes Mount Kalatungan after Mt. Everst and states Kalatungan as the toughest to ascend.

Mount Kitanglad

Peak in Bukidnon at 2899 meters, part of the Kitanglad Range. The mountain's name came from the word visible, and lemon grass due to a fable submerging the native lands of bukidnon.

Kitanglad Origin

Named after 'kita' and 'tanglad,' visible lemon grass post-flood.

ASEAN Heritage Park

Who recognizes and awarded Mt. Kitanglad as it is a protected area in 2009?

Mount Pulag

Located in Benguet, known as the Playground of the gods. The summit gives a clear view of the forest grassland which occurs the sea of clouds.

Cloud Rats

Species found in Mount Pulag, along with dwarf bamboo and pine trees.

Trail Movement

Guidelines for Group Formations, Trail Signals, Pacing , Trail Techniques, Rests, Trail Signs, Trail Regulations (mnemonic = TTTTGPR)

Sea of Clouds

Visible from Mount Pulag's summit, a unique natural phenomenon.

Mount Dulang-Dulang

Second-highest peak in the Philippines at 2938 meters, in Bukidnon, Kitanglad Range. Larest plantation in the world, sacred to the natives of bukidnon

Physical Fitness

Crucial for safe and enjoyable mountain climbs due to the preparation of pre climb: The Nature of the Climb, Route Planning, The itinerary of the climb, Climb Organization, Budgeting, Meal Planning

Pineapple Plantation

Largest in the world, found on Mount Dulang-Dulang.

Major Climbs

Difficult ascents requiring extensive hiking on challenging terrain.

Guide ship Climbs

Wilderness trips with hired guides for navigation and safety.

Exploratory Climbs

First-time expeditions necessitating meticulous planning.

Pre-Climb

Discussion or meeting session before the actual climb, common in organized hikes.

Route Planning

Careful consideration and mapping of the climb's path and terrain.

The Itinerary of the Climb

Program outlining the journey's schedule and required equipment.

Group Leader Role

Responsible for decisions and coordination during the climb.

Medical Team

Includes medical professionals for emergencies during climbs.

Scribe

Responsible for documenting climb details and events.

Tail Man

Ensures no member is left behind during the climb.

Clean-up Climbs

Efforts to preserve and protect impacted mountains through trail maintenance.

Mountaineering Distress Signals

Six whistle blasts/minute for emergencies, three if aid is on the way

Budgeting

Determining climb costs including transport, meals, and expenses

Pacing

Starting with warm-up pace, adjusting based on group's desire, keeping a steady rhythm

Meal Planning

Planning food based on expedition length and hiker needs

Trail Techniques

Sticking to the tracks is best they are specially made for walking on.

When crossing a river or stream knees should be bend and face to the direction diagonal to the flow of the current to prevent a strong one from knocking you down.

Trail Meals

Food eaten during a hiking trip to maintain energy

Rests

Stops and rests while hiking based on climb difficulty

Group Formation

The Lead Man maintains pacing, tail ensures no one is left behind, single files necessary and no overtaking.

Trail Signals

Lead/tail commands stops/proceeds, one long and two short whistle blasts for signals, six whistle blasts a minute, and three whistles blasts a minute.

Trail Signs

Maintain contact with groups, understand communication signs

Trail Regulations

Safety rules for enjoyable climbs, trail cleanliness, and behavior

Wilderness First-Aid

Knowledge and skills for treating injuries during expeditions

Common Injury in the Wilderness

Dealing with wounds, infections, burns, knee and ankle injuries, blisters, dehydration, shock and risks of blood loss

Burns

As fast as possible cool the affected area with cold clean water until the burning stop. Next step, is to wash by scrubbing the area with clean water and used antibacterial soap if available. This procedure may prevent infection if the burn is much deeper, Immediately cover the burned area with antibiotic ointment and clean gauze or clothing to protect the burn area. Also, Pain reliever may help reduce the patient's pain.

How to Control Bleeding

Apply pressure, elevate, wear gloves, and use clean gauze to put pressure on affected area while putting gloves.

Pressure Bandage

If you are having problem in handling the affected area and cannot keep pressure on it using the hands make a pressure bandage by making a _____ _______

Knee and Ankle Injuries

Injuries in lower extremities affecting trekking ability MAJORLY.

Preventing Infection

Using at least half liters of clean water will thoroughly washes the wounds and flushes out any unwanted materials that have already settled in the affected area like dirt and germs.

Preventing Infection

Avoid using alcohol wipes to clean the wounds inside that may damage good tissue but you can used alcohol wipes to clean the skin around the affected area. If the wound has been clean you may apply antibiotic ointment.

Sprain, Strain, Fracture

Progression of injuries from minor to serious like fracture during trekking

RICE Acronym

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate for injury treatment

Unusable Injuries

Use splint to treat unusable joint to put the victim in a comfortable position.

Blisters

Blisters are formed inside the warm and sweaty boots of a hiker.

if blisters will develop in the foot do not ignore it especially when your sock is sweaty and dirty because it may lead to infection, painful feeling will also be felt when the blisters is too big and might hinder your trip in the mountain.

Dehydration Symptoms

Dry lips, thirst, dark urine indicate dehydration

4-8 urine color

drink more water, dehydrated

1-3 urine color

hydrated, thumbs up

Transparent colored urine

overhydrated

Lemonade colored urine

optimal hydration

Light beer colored urine

hydrated and doin great

burnt orange colored urine

definitely dehydrated, drink lots of water and electrolytes

amber colored urine

time to drink water, could be mildly dehydrated

Shock Response

Shock is the body's response to a sudden drop in blood pressure, in order to prioritize blood flow to the brain and other vital organs

Signs of Shock

Anxiety, rapid pulse, clammy skin, weakness, nausea

Shock Treatment

Keep calm, lie down, elevate feet on backpack, keep warm by putting them in sleeping bag, make sure to keep them hydrated, monitor heart rate until help comes