psychodynamic approach

Main assumption

Behaviour is a result of conscious and unconscious forces (dynamics) in the mind

Role of unconscious

• storehouse of biological drives and instinct, effect on behaviour

• threatening or harmful memories that have been repressed and forgotten

Under surface conscious

Pre conscious, thoughts and memories may become aware of in dreams or slip of the tongue

ID

Primitive part of personality, unconscious drives and instincts

ID principle

Operates on pleasure principle

ID presence

Birth

Ego

Mediator between ID and super ego, decision making component of personality

Ego principle

Operates on reality principle

Ego presence

Develops around 2 years old (anal stage)

Superego

Internalised sense of right and wrong, moral standards based on same sex parent

Superego principle

Morality principle

Superego present

Develops 3-5 yrs old (phallic stage)

Age for oral

0-1 yrs old

Oral stage focus

Focus pleasure in mouth

Oral object of desire

Mothers breast

Consequence oral stage

Oral fixation, smoking, nail biting, sarcasm, critical

Anal age

1-3 yrs old

Anal focus

Focus pleasure anus

Anal pleasure

Chaise gains pleasure from withholding or expelling faeces

Anal consequence

Retentive - perfectionist, obsessive

Expulsive - messy, thoughtless

Phallic age

3-5 yrs old

Phallic focus

Focus pleasure genitals

Phallic experience

Child experiences the Oedipus/ electra complex

Phallic consequence

Phallic personality, narcissistic, reckless, possible homo

Latency age

6-12

Latency reason

Earlier conflicts repressed

Genital age

12- adult

Genital what

Sexual desires become conscious alongside onset puberty

Genital consequence

Difficult form heterosexual relationships

Repression

Forcing distressing memory out the conscious memory

Denial

Refusing to acknowledge sone aspects of reality

Displacement

Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto substitute target