CHAPTER 27 QUIZ EXAM 4 JJC A&P 2

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

extracellular

Consuming a meal high in salt will ________. This results in a temporary ________.

increase in blood volume

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

potassium

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

ADH

The release of atrial natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

excrete sodium ions and decrease ECF

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium, chloride, and

bicarbonate

______ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst

ADH

Which hormone does not play a role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?

cortisol

The most dangerous problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

potassium ions

Alice has been running a marathon and has only been drinking pure water. Which electrolyte imbalance is she likely to experience?

hyponatremia

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding hydrogen ions is called a(n)

buffer

When the pH ________, a state of acidosis exists.

falls below 7.35

A patient who has been vomiting and having diarrhea is losing all of the following except ________.

protein

Which of the following is not a renal response to acidosis?

release of HCl into peritubular capillary fluid

Hypoventilation leads to

respiratory acidosis

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

chronic respiratory acidosis

Which description best fits metabolic alkalosis?

consequence of prolonged vomiting

A drowning victim will likely experience a period of ________ until resuscitation begins.

acute respiratory acidosis

Extreme losses of bicarbonate ions, such as in diarrhea, will cause

metabolic acidosis

Administration of a medication in the elderly can result in a much higher dosage because

the elderly have less water content in the body