iGCSE Physics Thermal Physics

WWhat is Brownian Motion

The random motion of particles in fluids caused by collisions with smaller faster moving particles

What about a particle collision creates a force

The change in momentum

What is Boyle’s law

p1V1 = p2V2

How do you convert between Kelvin and Celsius

To convert from Celsius to Kelvin, add 273; to convert from Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273

What is thermal energy

The total energy of particles in a substance

What is the equation of Specific Heat Capacity

The equation of Specific Heat Capacity is Q = mcΔT

What is conduction

Conduction is the heat transfer through matter from hot to cold without moving matter

Why does a material like metal feel colder than for example wood or plastic

Because it transfers heat away from your skin quicker than wood or plastic

What is convection

The transfer of thermal energy by movement of matter itself

In what states of matter does convection occur

Liquids and gases

What is a convection current

Movement of fluids due to temperature differences causing density variations

What is radiation

A method of thermal energy transfer which occurs without matter, even in vacuum

What does Raditaion emit

Electromagnetic waves, travelling at the speed of light

What do all bodies emit above absolute zero

Radiation

What is the greenhouse effect

The process in which gases trap heat

What are the effects of increased carbon dioxide and methane gases

Increased absorption of infrared radiation which cannot escape, leading to a rise in atmospheric temperature