Addition Reactions

Hydrogenation

Hydrohalogenation - Markovnikov’s Rule

Vicinal Diol - vicinal means on adjacent carbons, cold dilute KMnO₄ oxidizes alkene to vicinal diols in syn fashion

Hydration - requires an acid to catalyze (usually H₂SO₄)

Dihalogenation - it’s stereoseletive for anti-addition

Anti-Addition

an addition rxn where two substituents are added to opposite sides (or faces) of double or triple bond resulting in a decrease in bond order and increase in the number of substituents

Syn fashion

the addition of two substituents to the same side of a double bond or ring

Markovnikov’s Rule

predicts the regioselectivity of electrophilic addition rxn, stating that in addition rxns to unsymmetrical alkenes, the hydrogen atoms adds to the carbon with more hydrogens and the other component adds to the carbon with fewer hydrogens atoms (this affects hydration and hydrohalogenation)

Stereoselectivity

one that favors the formation of one stereo isomer over others, even though multiple stereoisomers are possible (dihalogenation are affected by this)