Complete Set: General Atamoy & Physiology

Anatomy

Define: the study of the structures of the body.

Physiology

Define: the study of the function of the body.

Axial Portion

Portion: head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular Portion

Portion: arms and legs

Body Cavity

Define: hollow area of the body containing organs

Ventral Body Cavity

Cavity: front part of the body

Dorsal Body Cavity

Cavity: back part of the body

Thoracic Cavity

Cavity: upper subcavity of ventral body cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Cavity: lower subcavity of ventral body cavity

Cranial Cavity

Cavity: upper subcavity of dorsal body cavity

Vertebral Cavity

Cavity: lower subcavity of dorsal body cavity

Anatomical Positioning

Define: when the body upright, face forward, palms forward; used to reference structures of body

Pedal

Region: Foot

Crural

Region: Shin

Sural

Region: Calf

Patellar

Region: Front of Knee

Popliteal

Region: Back of Knee

Femoral

Region: Thigh

Inguinal

Region: Groin

Gluteal

Region: Butt

Abdominal

Region: Stomach

Lumbar

Region: Low Back

Thoracic

Region: Chest & Middle Back

Pectoral

Region: Lateral Chest

Sternal

Region: Middle Chest

Cervical

Region: Neck

Mental

Region: Chin

Cephalic

Region: Head

Acromial

Region: Shoulder

Brachial

Region: Arm

Antecubital

Region: Front of Elbow

Olecranal

Region: Back of Elbow

Carpal

Region: Wrist

Manual

Region: Hand

Antebrachial

Region: Forearm

Superior

Directional: Above

Inferior

Directional: Below

Lateral

Directional: Away from midline of body

Medial

Directional: Towards the midline of body

Anterior

Directional: Front

Posterior

Directional: Back

Proximal

Directional: Towards the trunk

Distal

Directional: Away from trunk

Ipsilateral

Directional: Same Side

Contralateral

Directional: Opposite Side

Superficial

Directional: Towards surface

Deep

Directional: Away from surface

Atom

Levels of Organization: 1- the basic building blocks

Molecule

Levels of Organization: 2- combine to form cells, the smallest unit of life

Tissue

Levels of Organization: 3- groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Organ

Levels of Organization: 4- structures made of two or more different tissues that work together for a particular function

Organ System

Levels of Organization: 5- a group of organs that cooperate to perform major bodily functions

Organism

Levels of Organization: 6- the complete living being made up of systems

Plane

Define: 2-dimensional object that can divide the body into 2 sections

Sagittal Plane

Plane: divides body into right and left sections

Coronal Plane

Plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse Plane

Plane: divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Right Upper Quadrant

Abd Quadrant: top right

Left Upper Quadrant

Abd Quadrant: top left

Right Lower Quadrant

Abd Quadrant: bottom right

Left Lower Quadrant

Abd Quadrant: bottom left

Right Hypochondriac Region

Abd Region: top right

Epigastric Region

Abd Region: top center

Left Hypochondriac Region

Abd Regions: top left

Right Lumbar Region

Abd Region: middle right

Umbilical Region

Abd Region: middle center

Left Lumbar Region

Abd Region: middle left

Right Iliac Region

Abd Region: bottom right

Hypogastric Region

Abd Region: bottom center

Left Iliac Region

Abd Region: bottom left

Homeostasis

Define: the ability of a system to maintain a steady state.

Negative Feedback

Define: system in which the stimulus and response are opposite.

Positive Feedback

Define: system in which the stimulus and response are the same.

Lymphatic System

System: returns fluid to blood & defends against pathogens

Respiratory System

System: removes carbon dioxide from the body & delivers oxygen to blood

Digestive System

System: processes food for use by the body & removes wastes from undigested food

Urinary System

System: controls water balance in the body & removes wastes from blood and excretes them

Male Reproductive System

System: produces sex hormones and gametes & delivers gametes to female

Female Reproductive System

System: produces sex hormones and gametes & supports embryo/fetus until birth & produces milk for infant

Integumentary System

System: encloses internal body structures & site of many sensory receptors

Skeletal System

System: supports the body and enables movement (with muscular system)

Muscular System

System: enables movement (with skeletal system) & helps maintain body temperature

Nervous System

System: detects and processes sensory information & activates bodily responses

Endocrine System

System: secretes hormones & regulates bodily processes

Cardiovascular System

System: delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues & equalizes temperature in the body