colonies

Name the 13 british colonies

Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire

Self-governing colony

A type of colony in which the people of the colony chose the governor of the colony. Rhode Island was a self-governing colony.

Royal Colony

A colony under the direct control of a monarch

Proprietary Colony

colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted

Representative Government

system of government in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by the British to control colonial trade

Writs of Assistance (1767)

Search warrants issued by the British government. They allowed officials to search ships for smuggled goods, and to enlist colonials to help them search.

smuggling

The act of illegally importing or exporting goods

Favorable balance of trade

an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad

Mercantilism

An economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests. It benefits the mother country.

Capitalism

An economic system based on the private ownership of wealth. There is little to no government control over trade.

Monopoly

The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service. The Spanish controlled the tobacco trade in the 1600s.

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s. In the Middle Passage - Africa sent slaves to America. In the Homeward Passage - America sent Raw Materials to Europe. In the Outward Passage - Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa.

Plantation

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of cash crops.

Cash crops in the south

Cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar cane

Describe the 3 regions of the British colonies and why their economic activity was different.

Geography and climate were different in each region and therefore produced different natural resources/raw materials. South - hot, humid, long growing seasons, and fertile soil allowed for the growth of cash crops like tobacco. Middle - mild winters and summer, and fertile soil allowed for staple crops like corn, wheat, barley. New England (North) - the soil was too rocky and the climate too cold during the winter. Since this region was smaller they relied on fishing, hunting, and the timber of the forests.

Holy Experiment

William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. He created Philadelphia as a place of brotherly love.

Naval stores

Evergreen forests that served in producing the materials used to build and maintain ships, such as tar, pitch.

Colony of Georgia

Established for debtors who owed money to England.

Colony

A group of people in one place who are loyal and ruled by a parent country elsewhere. They serve as a market and resource for the mother country.

Specialization (Labor)

Focusing work effort on a particular product in a region. The Bethlehem Steel is an example of this.

Human resources

People who work to produce goods and services

Natural Resource

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

Capital Resources

goods produced using the natural resources.

European Exploration of the Americas

Europeans were motivated to explore and colonize because they were seeking economic opportunities. They were looking for a sea route to Asia, but found the Americas offered great resources too.

Clashes between the Natives and Europeans were a result of…

Differences in land ownership - Natives believed the 'great being above' owned the land giving them roles as caretakers, while the Europeans competed for ownership.

Convert

To turn or change your beliefs or way of thinking. Europeans tried to convert the natives to Christians.

America's Breadbasket

Pennsylvania's nickname due to the abundance of wheat growing.

Slaves

African slaves were brought to the New World with the first colonists. They were used on the southern plantations to grow and harvest crops.

Factors that affect the economy of an area

Geography of the land, climate affect the natural resources found in an area, and therefore, the economic activity (wealth through production and trade).

Why did Europeans quickly settle the Americas? Name and describe the 3 G's.

Gold - Find gold, silver, and other natural resources that could provide the nation wealth through trade. The more money a nation made, the more powerful they became. Glory - Expand the empire. The more real estate, the rich a nation becomes, and therefore, all the more powerful. God - Convert heathens into Christians, and for people to seek religious freedom.

Revenue

The money a government collects from taxes or trade

The 4 European powers that came to America

England, Spain, Portugal, and France

Frontier

A wilderness or unsettled area

Export

A good or service produced in the home country and sold in another country.

Import

Bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.

Migration

A movement from one country or region to another

Staple crops

Crops that are always needed - wheat, barley, oats, corn

Global trade

The exchange of goods or services between individuals, organizations, or governments of different nations

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Why are colonies important to a mother country?

The colonies serve as a resource and market for the mother country. The mother country profits from the raw materials that the colony provides.

What happened to the Native Americans as a result of European exploration and settlement of the New World?

They died from European diseases. They lost their lands and homes to European settlement, and they were converted to live according to European standards.

economy

The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services. Mercantilism and capitalism are types of economic systems.

trade

Exchange of goods and services

Constitutional Monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a system of government where a monarch (like a king or queen) is the head of state, but their powers are limited by a constitution and laws.

Bicameral

Two-House Government

Parliament

The highest legislature in England, consisting of the monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

Monarch

The king or queen

How did the Magna Carta, the Mayflower Compact, and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut serve as the foundation of democracy as we know it today?

By establishing principles of limited government, individual rights, and the consent of the governed.