Exam 2

Anatomy

Refers to the structures of the body, such as the eyes and ears.

Physiology

Refers to the functions of the structures, such as sight and audition.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Comprises 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

Fluid that circulates between the pia mater and arachnoid mater.

Brainstem

Part of the brain that manages cardio, respiratory, and vasometry functions.

Cerebellum

Responsible for coordination of muscle movements, maintaining muscle tone, and maintaining posture and equilibrium.

Cerebrum

The part of the brain responsible for cognitive functions, such as thinking and problem solving.

Broca's area

Region of the frontal lobe responsible for speech production.

Wernicke’s area

Region of the temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension.

Occipital lobe

Part of the brain that processes visual information.

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation and jaw movements.

Auditory/Vestibular nerve (VIII)

Cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance.

Deglutition

The act of swallowing.

Dysphagia

A swallowing disorder.

Articulatory system

Involved in manipulating sounds into speech.

Ossicles

Three small bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes.

Longitudinal fissure

Separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Corpus callosum

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Cranial nerves

12 pairs of nerves that carry information between the brain and parts of the body.

Peripheral nerves

31 pairs of nerves that extend from the spinal cord to the body.

Cognitive function

Involves thinking, rationalization, and problem solving.

Systematic process

A structured method of gathering an individual’s background information, history, knowledge, perceptions, and feelings.

Comprehensive assessment

Assessment that gathers information from multiple areas rather than focusing on just one.

Unbiased assessment

An evaluation that is free from bias concerning culture, gender, etc., and does not favor any specific outcome.

Validity in assessment

The degree to which an assessment measures what it claims to measure.

Multidisciplinary team

A group of professionals from different disciplines working together to assess an individual.

Screening

A quick check to determine if further testing is needed in a specific area of performance.

Developmental screening

Assessment conducted during critical developmental periods to identify potential issues.

Referral process

The procedure in which clients are recommended to specialists, such as pediatricians or psychologists, based on observed needs.

Individualized assessment

An approach that considers the unique interests and personalities of each individual being assessed.

Comprehensive evaluation

An assessment that reviews all areas concerning an individual's communication abilities.

Chart review

The process of examining an individual’s medical, developmental, and educational history.

Questionnaire

A formal set of questions designed to gather specific information about a topic.

Standardized testing

Assessment tools that follow stringent rules for administration, used to formally evaluate specific skills.

Differential diagnosis

The process of distinguishing one disorder from another, particularly related disorders.

Prognosis in treatment

Clinician’s predictions regarding the expected outcomes of treatment based on various factors.

Treatment goals

Objectives set to enhance a client's communication abilities, ensuring they are functional, measurable, and attainable.

Norm-referenced tests

Assessments that compare an individual’s performance to that of a normative sample.

Performance-based assessment (PBA)

An evaluation method that measures a client's skills in real-life contexts to better inform treatment.

Empirical knowledge

Knowledge obtained from scientific research and studies relevant to communication disorders.

Prevention strategies

Methods aimed at stopping a disorder from developing in 'at risk' populations.

Remediation techniques

Interventions focused on reversing or slowing the progression of an already identified disorder.

Compensation methods

Strategies employed to help individuals manage the effects of a disorder that is unlikely to improve.