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Terms/Vocab on Chapters 1-4
DSCP / ECN
Type of Services and Precedence
Total Length
The total number of bytes in the IP packet, including header and data.
Identification
A unique identifier for each IP packet, used to distinguish fragments of the same packet.
Flags
Controls Fragmentation
Fragment Offset
Indicates the position of a fragment in the original IP packet, allowing the receiver to reassemble the packet correctly.
TTL
Measured in hops of data frame across routers
Header Checksum
A value used for error-checking in IP packets, ensuring data integrity by verifying that the header information is intact during transmission.
Traffic Class
Priority of data packets on a networkthat helps manage Quality of Service (QoS) by indicating the level of importance or urgency for the packet's transmission.
Flow Label
Label packets of data belonging to the same flow of data
Payload Length
Total length of a payload, Up to 65,535 bytes. Jumbograms have value set to 0.
Next Header
Type of Extension Header if used, or type of data in the packetthat specifies the protocol used in the payload, such as TCP or UDP.
Hop Limit
Lifetime of a packet
Hop-by-hop Options
Controls Jumbograms
Routing Extension Header
A type of IPv6 extension header that carries routing information and specifies the path that packets should take through the network.
Fragmentation
The process of breaking a packet into smaller pieces to accommodate the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the network.
Extension Header Order
Hop-by-hop
Destination Options
Routing
Fragmentation
Authentication
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
A protocol used in IPsec to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for IP packets by encapsulating the data and adding security headers.
Black Holes
Potential if ICMP is disabled in a network where packets are dropped without notification, leading to connectivity issues.
Convergence
All routers have a loop free path to all other networks
“Count to Infinity“
routers continuously update their routing tables with incorrect information, leading to an endless loop of increasing hop counts that can severely degrade network performance.
Split Horizon
technique used to prevent routing loops by ensuring that a router does not advertise a route back out the same interface from which it was learned
Poison Reverse
technique used to prevent loops in networks by advertising routes as unreachable, setting their metrics to infinity. This method helps ensure that routers do not use invalid paths, enhancing network stability.
Solicitation
The process by which a device requests information from a DHCP server, typically to obtain an IP address and other network configuration parameters.
Advertisement
A method used by routers to share routing information with other routers in the network, allowing them to learn about available paths and their corresponding metrics.
Multicast Listener Discovery
MLD is used by IPv6 routers for discovering multicast listeners on a directly attached link, much like Internet Group Management Protocol is used in IPv4
