Voice and Resonance Quiz 1

The ______ intercostals pull the ribcage upward and outward during inspiration

external

How does aging affect vocal quality?

Causes ossification of laryngeal cartilages, reducing flexibility and atrophy of vocal folds causing changes in pitch, loudness and quality

What muscle is primarily responsible for increasing pitch?

The cricothyroid which lengthens and tenses the vocal folds

What is the diaphragm the major muscle of?

Respiratory, major muscle of breathing

What is the amount of air left in the lung after forced expiration?

residual volume

Vital capacity is the sum of IRV, TV and ______

expiratory reserve volume

What nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to the larynx?

the vagus nerve

Voice is produced by the vibration of the _______

vocal folds

True or False: Is inspiration always a passive Process?

False

What is a normal voice?

characterized by pitch, loudness and quality appropriate for age and sex

How does sub glottal pressure affect loudness?

greater sub glottal pressure increases the force of vocal fold vibration causing louder voice

A breathy voice quality occurs due to incomplete ________ closure

glottal

The ______ branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle

external

What is the maximum length of vocal folds in females during adulthood?

10-11 mm

What is the cover-body theory of phonation?

The different parts of the vocal folds work together to produce voice

What does the pleura line?

the lungs and thoracic wall

True or False: The recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the aortic arch on the right side?

false

Why do male voices drop during puberty?

vocal folds grow longer and thicker due to hormonal changes

Pitch in males is

100-140; mean 125 hz

Pitch in females is

180-250; mean 225 hz

Unpaired cartilages are the

epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid

The paired cartilages are

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

The respiratory is made up of the

lungs, ribs and diaphragm

Bronchi

branches off the trachea to go to each lung

The smallest branches stemming from the sb

bronchioles

What leads the alveoli where gas exchange occurs allowing air to enter the blood?

the bronchi

How many ribs are there?

12

Which ribs are floating?

11-12

What do the external intercostal muscles do?

pull the ribcage up and outward during inspiration

What do the internal intercostals do?

pull the ribcage downward during forced expiration

What is the outer surface of the each lung and the internal thoracic wall lined by?

Pleura

Inspiration is always

always active

Expiration is always

active or passive

Tidal volume

the air that is inspired or expired during normal inspiration or expiration

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

amount of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of normal tidal volume

Expiratory Reserve Volume is

The extra air forced out after breathing normally.

Residual Volume is

the air remaining in respiratory passages and lungs after forceful expiration

Epiglottis provides

It covers the opening of your airway, so food and liquid go into esophagus instead of your lungs

Thyroid Cartilage

it protects the vocal folds support for the larynx and forms the adam’s apple

Cricoid Cartilage

ring shaped, only laryngeal cartilage to encircle airway completely

Arytenoid Cartilage

paired, pyramid shaped

Ary-epiglottic folds

side walls around the entrance of the larynx that protect the airway during swallowing

False vocal folds

Ventricular folds; above the true vocal folds in the larynx, do not produce sound

True vocal folds

vocal cords; responsible for producing sound and voice

Laryngeal vestibule

above the false vocal folds kinda like a entrance hallway of the larynx

Laryngeal ventricle

the space between the false vocal folds and true vocal folds

Vocal fold structure

mucosa, laminate propria, muscle

Reinke’s space

allows the surface of the vocal folds to move and wave when the vocal folds vibrate to produce sound

Mucosal wave

outside of vocal folds that vibrate during voice production

3 parts of the vocal fold

cover, transition, body

Myoelastic aerodynamic

how vocal fold vibration produces voice sound

3 parts of the vagus nerve

pharyngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Breathy voice

incomplete glottal closure

Hoarse voice

irregular/incomplete vibration and closure

Strain voice

vocal folds are too tightly adducted

Abduction

the vocal folds move apart

Adduction

the vocal folds come together

The two smaller paired laryngeal cartilages alongside the arytenoids are

corniculate and cuneiform