Chapter 1- part of intro to human body

Homeostasis

condition of equilibrium/balance in the body’s internal environment

• maintained by regulatory processes

Extracellular fluid

• surrounds body cells

• Precise regulation of its chemical composition is important for cell survival

Negative feedback

counteracts/corrects a change and helps maintain homeostasis

Positive feedback

Amplifies the initiating stimulus and stops when the stimulus is removed

• childbirth

Anatomical position

Standing erect, facing the observer, upper extremities at the sides, palms forward, feeet flat on the floor

Prone

Lying facedown

Supine

Lying face up

Planes

imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body

Body cavities

help protect, separate, and support internal organs

Visceral layer

Associated with/covers the organ

Parietal layer

Lines the cavity wall

Serous membrane

Reduces friction

Pericardium

Covers the heart

Pleura

Covers the lungs

Superior

Toward the head / upper part

Inferior

Away from the head / lower part

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back

Medial

Nearer the middle

Lateral

farther from the midline

Intermediate

Between two structures

ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

On the opposite side

Proximal

nearer attachment to trunk / origin

Distal

Farther from the attachment / origin

Superficial

Toward or on the surface

Deep

Away from the surface