Unit 5 Hydrosphere (part 2)

Minerals

________ are on the ocean floor and some are iron, cobalt, etc.

Salinity

________: Is a measure of the amount of dissolved salt in the ocean.

Hydrothermal vents

________: a fissure in a planets surface from which geothermally heated water issues.

Chemosynthesis

________ is the process by which certain microbes create energy derived from chemical reactions.

Oceans

________ are known as Carbon Sinks and remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

Submersibles

________ helped impose many challenges like pressure.

earths surface

Open Ocean: the sunlit top layer of the ocean beyond the continental shelves; the vast bulk of the sea, it covers over 360, 00, 00 square kilometers of the ________ and is referred to as the marine desert because nutrients are lower here than in the shallow seas; life can be scarce.

continental shelf

It is the region of the open sea beyond the edge of the ________ where the water measures 200 meters deep, or deeper.

Sodium Chloride

________ is the main solute.

Gasses

________ in the Ocean: ________ like O2, N2, and CO2 are very important in water just in the air.

Mariana Trench

________: The deepest part of the worlds ocean.

High Tide

________- The intertidal zone becomes submerged in water.

Early American surveyors

________ used ropes and lead weights.

Neritic Zone

________: relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop- off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters in depth.

Hot springs

________ and geysers on land and hydrothermal vents form in volcanically active areas often on mid- ocean ridges where the tectonic plates are spreading apart.

Chemosynthetic Organism

________: Most of life on Earth depends on photosynthesis, however, at hydrothermal vents the ecosystem has evolved in the absence of sunlight, and its source of energy is completely different: Chemosynthesis.

Aphotic Zone

________: the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight; formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1 % of sunlight penetrates.

Benthic Zone

________: the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub- surface layers.

Salts

________: Ocean water is a solution.

deep ocean

Downwelling is important because it brings oxygen down into the ________.

Ocean plants

________ use up CO2 and release O2.

Divers

________: Deep sea divers were the first method of exploring the ocean.

Vents

________ do not boil because of extreme pressure.

Dense Ocean water

________ is by the poles because it is cold.

Intertidal Zone

________: the area of the shore and seabed that it exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide.

Low Tide

________- The intertidal zone becomes dry from low water levels.

Hydrothermal Vents

________: Areas of the sea floor where hot water heated by magma rushes out.

Submersibles

________: Satellites, sonar, and divers only scratched the surface of the ocean.

deep ocean

The ________ has NO oxygen production because there are no plants /no sunlight.

neritic zone

The ________ is the relatively shallow part of the ocean between the low tide mark and the continental shelf.

Submersibles

________ alone helped explore the abyssal depths.

neritic zone

The ________ receives plenty of sunlight with a relatively stable temperature, making it suitable for aquatic plants.

Divers

Deep sea divers were the first method of exploring the ocean

Submersibles

Satellites, sonar, and divers only scratched the surface of the ocean

The main types are

submarines, ROV (remotely operated vehicles), Underwater Habitats

Parts of the sea Floor

Beneath the worlds oceans lie ragged mountains, active volcanoes, vast plateaus, and almost bottomless trenches

Mariana Trench

The deepest part of the worlds ocean

Hydrothermal Vents

Areas of the sea floor where hot water heated by magma rushes out

Aphotic Zone

the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight; formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates

Benthic Zone

the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers

Downwelling

the downward movement of fluid, especially in the sea, the atmosphere, or deep in the earth

Hydrothermal vents

a fissure in a planets surface from which geothermally heated water issues

Intertidal Zone

the area of the shore and seabed that it exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide

Neritic Zone

relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters in depth

Open Ocean

the sunlit top layer of the ocean beyond the continental shelves; the vast bulk of the sea, it covers over 360,00,00 square kilometers of the earths surface and is referred to as the marine desert because nutrients are lower here than in the shallow seas; life can be scarce

Low Tide

The intertidal zone becomes dry from low water levels

High Tide

The intertidal zone becomes submerged in water

Northern Hemisphere

Clockwise

Southern Hemisphere

Counter Clockwise

Salinity

Is a measure of the amount of dissolved salt in the ocean

Salts

Ocean water is a solution

Salt Water Density

Salt water is dense than fresh water

Gasses in the Ocean

Gasses like O2, N2, and CO2 are very important in water just in the air

Resources of the Ocean

Fish and other food sources for eating