CHAPTER 6 RC 111 (NEURO ASSESSMENT)

DOES THE NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM IMPACT THE RESP SYSTEM

YES

NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT INCLUDES

1. MENTAL STATUS

2. CRANIAL NERVES, MOTOR FUNCTION

3. MOTOR SYSTEM

4. COORDINATION

5. SESNORY SYSTEM

6. REFLEXES

MEANINGFUL NEUROLOGIC ASSESMENT REQUIRES

ADEQUATE STIMULATION

FUNCTIONAL NEROANATOMY

NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM

1. CNS

2. BRAIN (BRAINSTEM, CEREBRUM, AND CEREBELLUM,)

3. SPINAL CORD

4. PNS

5. CRANIAL NERVES

6. SPINAL NERVES

FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM

1. SENSORY SYSTEM (AFFERENT)

2. MOTOR SYSTEM (EFFERENT)

3. CEREBRUM

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE BRAIN

CEREBRUM

BRAINSTEM

CEREBELLUM

WHICH TYPE OF NEURONS ARE PART OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM

EFFERENT neurons that transmit signals from the CNS to the muscles.

WHAT TYPE OF NUERONS ARE SESNORY SYSTEM

AFFERENT neurons that carry sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

COORDINATE MOVEMENTS

LOC

SPEAKING AND WRITING

EMOTIONS

MEMORY

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE SESNORY DIV

TO TRASMIT INFORMATION FROM PERIPHERY TO CNS\

CONTAINS RECEPTORS

WHAT ARE THE 3 DIVISONS OF THE SENSORY DIVSION

SOMATIC AND VISCERAL

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE SOMATIC SENSORY DIV

RECIEVES SESNORY INFORMATION FROM:

SKIN

FASCIA

JOINTS

SKELETAL MUSCLES

SPECIAL SENSES

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE VISCERAL SENSORY DIV

RECIEVES SENSORY INFORMATION FROM VISCERA

such as internal organs and glands, including sensations of pain, pressure, and temperature.

WHAT ARE THE 2 DIV OF THE MOTOR DIV OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MOTOR DIV OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

TRASMITS INFORMATION FROM CNS TO THE REST OF THE BODY

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE SOMATIC MOTOR DIV

CONTROLS VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE AUTONOMIC MOTOR

INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM INNERVATES

CARDIAC SMOOTH

SMOOTH MUSCLE

GLANDS

WHERE DO MOST CRANIAL NERVES ORGINATE

BRAINSTEM

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE BRAINSTEM

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE BRAINSTEM

REGULATE BREATHING, BP, AND HR

WHAT IS CAUDAL

Referring to the tail end of the body or structure, often used in anatomical terms to denote a position further from the head.

WHAT IS ROSTRNAL

Referring to the beak or front end of the body or structure, commonly used in anatomical terminology to indicate a position closer to the head.

WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE CEREBELLAR REGION

RESPONSIBLE FOR:

EQuilibrium, coordination, and fine motor control.

MUSCLE TONEand proprioception.

CEREBELLAR LESIONS CAUSE

LOSS OF COORDINATION (ATAXIA)

TREMORS

DISTURBANCES IN GAIT AND BALANCE

WHAT IS ATAXIA

Loss of muscle coordination that affects movement and balance, often resulting in unsteady gait.

WHERE IS THE CEREBELLUM LOCATED

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, beneath the cerebral hemispheres and above the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in motor control and balance.

HOW MANY PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES ARE THERE

31 PAIRS

WHERE DOES THE SPINAL CORD START AND STOP

FROM THE BASE OF THE BRAIN AND DOWN TO L1

45 CM

WHAT DOES THE SPINAL CORD CONNECT

THE BRAIN TO THE BODY FOR MOTOR AND SENSORY FUNCTION

HOW MANY PAIRS OF EACH AREA OF VERTEBRA

CERVICAL

THORACIC

LUMBAR

SACCRAL

COXXYGEAL

CERVICA; - C1-C8

THORACIC - T1-T12

LUMBAR - L1-L5

SACCRAL - S1-S5

COXXYX - COXYGEAL 1

DORSAL NERVE ROOTS ARE ASLO CALLED WHAT

posterior nerve roots

VENTRAL NERVE ROOTS ARE ASLO CALLED

anterior nerve roots

POSTERIOR (DORSAL) NERVE ROOT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR

SENSORY

ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) NERVE ROOT ARE RESPONIBLE FOR

MOTOR functions

WHERE DOES THE PHRENIC NERVE ARISE FROM

C3-C5

WHAT CAN DAMAGE TO THE PHRENIC NERVE DO

Can lead to diaphragmatic paralysis, affecting breathing.

LOC AND MENTATION ARE

IMPORTANT PART OF NEURO ASSESSMENT EXAM

INITIAL NEURO EXAM, THE GOAL IS TO

DETERMINE PT AWARENESS

A COMPROMISE OF LOC MAY BE DUE TI=O

GENERALIZED DYSFUNCTION (OVERDOSE)

ABNORMALITY IN SPEC. AREA

WHAT IS CORTICAL FUNCTION

Refers to the higher-level brain functions including cognition, perception, and voluntary movement that are managed by the cerebral cortex.

WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE PARIETAL AREA

RECOGNITION OF R/L DIFFERENTATION

SENSATION

RECOGNITION OF BODY PARTS

WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE FRONTAL LOBE

JUDGEMENT

HUMOR

SOCIAL MORES

AFFECT

PERSONALITY

MOTOR MOVEMENT

EXPRESSIVE LANG

INFORMATION

WHAT HEMISPHERE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFORMATION

RIght hemisphere processes visual and spatial information, while the left hemisphere is responsible for language and analytical tasks.

WHAT HEMEISPHERE IS RESPONISBLE FOR EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

Left hemisphere is responsible for expressive language, controlling speech production and language comprehension.

WHAT IS THE BROCA AREA

The Broca area is a region in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere that is involved in language processing, specifically in the production of speech and language expression.

WHAT IS THE TEMPORAL LOBE RESPONSIBLE FOR

HEARING

COMPREHENSION OF SPOKEN WORD AND WRITTEN WORD

LONG TERM MEMORY

WHAT AREA OF THE BRAIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPREHENSION OF WRITTEN AND SPOKEN WORDS

The Wernicke area, located in the left temporal lobe, is responsible for the comprehension of written and spoken language

LEFT HEMISPHERE.

WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE OCCIPTAL LOBE

INTERPRETATION. OF WRITTEN WORD

VISUAL INTERPRETATION

WHAT AREA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPREHENDING WRITTEN WORD

LEFT HEMISPHERE

WHAT IS THE DOMINANT LOBE

PARIETAL

THE FRONTAL LOBE, ITS COROTCAL FUNCTION IS

ATTENTION

WORKING MEMORY

JUDGMENT

ABSTRACT REASONING

WHAT ASSESSMENTS ARE USED TO ASSESS FRONTAL LOBE

DIGITAL SPAN

SPELLING BACKWARDS

RENAMING THE MONTHS OF YR BACKWARD

PROBLEM SOLVING

VERBAL SIMILARIZATION

PROVERBS

THE TEMPORAL LOBE, ITS COROTCAL FUNCTION IS

ORIENTATION

MEMORY

WHAT ASSESSMENTS CAN BE DONE TO ASSESS THE TEMPORAL LOPE

QUESTIONS ABOUT MONTH, DATE, YR AND PLACE

THREE WORD RECALL

NAMING PRESIDENTS (ROTE MEMORY)

THE FRONTAL-TEMPORAL LOBE, ITS COROTCAL FUNCTION IS

RECIEVE LANGUAGE

EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

WHAT ASSESSMENTS CAN BE DONE TO ASSESS THE FRONTAL-TEMPORAL REGION

FOLLOWING COMMANDS

FLUENCY AND CORRECTNESS OF CONTENT AND GRAMMAR

READING COMPREHENSION

THE PARIETAL LOBE, ITS COROTCAL FUNCTION IS

GNOSIS

CONSTRUCTIONA;

PRAXIS

WHAT ASSESSMENTS CAN WE EVALUATE THE GNOSIS FUNCTION OF THE PARIETAL LOBE

IDENTIFYING ONJECTS IN HAND AND NUMBERS ON THE HAND WITH EYES CLOSED

WHAT ASSESSMENTS CAN WE EVALUATE THE CONSTRUCTIONA;FUNCTION OF THE PARIETAL LOBE

ATTENDING TO THE CONTRALATERAL SIDE OF THE BODY

DRAWING A FACE ON A CLOCK

GEOMETRIC FIGURES

WHAT ASSESSMENTS CAN WE EVALUATE THE PRAXIS FUNCTION OF THE PARIETAL LOBE

PERFORMING SKILLED MOTOR TASKS WITHOUT ANY PROMPTING

THE OCCIPTAL-TEMPORAL LOBE, ITS COROTCAL FUNCTION IS

VIDUSL RECOGNITION

WHAT ASSESSMENT CAN BE DONE TO ASSESS FOR THE VISUSAL REGONITION OF THE OCCIPTAL-TEMPORAL

RECOGNITION OF COLORS AND FACES

WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

FULL

LETHARGY

OBTUNDATION

STUPOR

AND COMA.

WHAT IS A FULL LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THE PT IS ALERT AND ATTENTIVE

FOLLOWS COMMANDS

RESPONDS PROMPTLY TO EXTERNAL STIMULI IF ASLEEP

ONCE AWAKE REMAINS ATTENTIVE

WHAT IS THE LETHARGY LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THE PT IS DROWSY BUT PARTIALLY AWAKENS TO STIMULATION

THE PT WILL ANSWER QUESTIONS AND FOLLOW COMMANDS BUT WILL DO SO SLOWLY AND MORE INATTENTIVELY

WHAT IS OBTUNDATION OF LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THE PT IS DIFFCULT TO AROUSE AND NEEDS CONSTANT STIMULATION TO FOLLOW A SIMPLE COMMAND

WHAT IS STUPOR LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THE PT AROUSES TO VIGROUROUS AND CONTINOUS STIMULATION, TYPICALLY A PAINFUL STIMULI IS REQUIRED

THE ONLY RESPONSE MAY BE AN ATTEMPT TO WITHDRAW FROM REMOVE THE PAINFUL STIMULUS OR A GRUNTING SOUND.

WHAT IS THE COMA LEVEL OF CONSIOUSNESS

THE PT DOES NOT RESPND TO CONTINOUS OR PAINFUL STIMULATION

THERE ARE NO VERBAL SOUNDS AND NO MOVBEMENT EXCEPT POSSIBLY BY REFLEX

most widely used instrument to assess neurologic imapirment

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

IN THE GLASCOW SCALE SCORES ARE GIVEN FOR

MOTOR RESPONSES

AND VERBAL REPSONSES

poorly suited pt for glascow coma scale

aphasia

hearing loss

tracheal intubation

eye opening

what is maximum points for a Glasgow coma scale

15

GLASCOW SCORE 12-15

NON-ICU

GLASCOW SCORE 9-12

SIGNIFCANT INSULT

GCS LESS THAN 9

SEVERE COMA

REQUIRES INTUBATION

WHEN IS INTUBATION REQUIRED PER GCS SCORE

LESS THAN 9

WHAT IS THE MMSE OR FOLSTEIN TEST

A cognitive assessment tool used to measure mental status and screen for cognitive impairment, focusing on functions such as memory, attention, and language.

WHAT DOIES THE MMSE OR FOLSTEIN TEST TEST FOR

ARITHEMATIC

MEMORY

ORIENTATION

MMSE SCORE OF 27/30 MEANS

NORMAL

MMSE SCORE OF 20-26

MILD DEMENTIA

MMSE SCORE OF 16-19 MEANS

MODERATE DEMENTIA

MMSE SCORE OD LESS TAHN 10

SEVERE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT