cs 11 Chapter 2

Simple Data Type

• Integral: integers (numbers without a decimal)

- Can be further categorized: char, short, int, long, bool, unsigned char, unsigned

short, unsigned int, unsigned long

• Floating-point: decimal numbers

• Enumeration: a user-defined data type

Variable

a memory location whose contents can be changed

String

A data type used to store a sequence of characters, such as letters, numbers, spaces, or symbols

Unary operator

An operator that works on one operand (one value or variable).

Binary operator

:An operator that works on two operands (two values or variables).

Prompt Line

executable statements that inform the user what to do

Syntax

The set of rules that determine how code must be written in a programming language so the computer can understand it.

Token

special symbols, word symbols, and identifier + - *

Mixed Arithmetic Expression

An arithmetic expression that contains different types of numbers, such as integers and decimal (double) values.

Precision

maximum number of significant digits

Number of digits in float?

Range: -3.4 1038 to 3.4

1038 (four bytes)

Number of digits in double?

Range: –1.7 10308 to 1.7

10308 (eight bytes

how many bytes of storage are allocated in int?

4

how many bytes of storage are allocated in float?

4

how many bytes of storage are allocated in double?

8

how many bytes of storage are allocated in char?

1

Maximum number of significant

digits (decimal places) for float

6 or 7

Maximum number of significant

digits for double

15

order of math operations in C++

• Parentheses ( )

• Unary operators +, -, ++, --

• Multiplication, Division, Modulus *, /, %

• Addition, Subtraction +, -

what results when using integer division

no round just one 1 so 1.5 is just 1 instead of 2

what results when using remainder operator

gives the reminder when dividing two numbers

what characters are allowed in an identifier name.

• Letters: A–Z, a–z

• Digits: 0–9

• Underscore: _

what characters are consider whitespaces in C++.

• pace

• Tab \t

• Newline \n

• Carriage return \r

• Form feed \f

• Vertical tab \v

what symbol is called the “statement terminator”

;

how escape sequences are used in output

Special characters that begin with a backslash \ and are used to perform special actions in output.

what named constants are used for.

A constant value that is given a name so it can be used throughout a program without being changed.

hat comments are used for

Text written in a program to explain or document the code. They are ignored by the compiler and do not affect how the program runs.

what endl does in an output statement

Ends the current line of output and moves the cursor to the next line

how to use static_cast.

cout << static_cast<double>(a) / b;