2.TCP/UDP

transmission control protocol

protocol similar to the OSI model dealing with how data transverses a network

similar to OSI model, deals with data transversing a network

TCP

application, transport, internet, and network interface

the 4 layers of the TCP protocol

connection

The TCP protocol is _ based meaning a connection between a client and server needs to be established before data is sent

a connection between a client and server is required for data transfer

What does it mean when the TCP protocol is connection-based?

data sent is guaranteed to be received

why is the TCP protocol known as the three way handshake?

three way handshake

The TCP protocol is known as the _ because it guarantees that sent data will be received.

integrity, performs a lot reliably, capable of synchronizing two devices

advantages of the TCP protocol

prevent data from flooding with data in incorrect order

one of the advantages of the TCP protocol is that it can synchronize two devices to _

requires reliable connection, slow connection can bottleneck a device, slower than UDP because devices use more computing

disadvantages of the TCP protocol

source port

TCP header that’s the port opened by sender to send the TCP packet from. The value of this TCP port is randomly chosen

header that’s a randomly selected port opened by someone sending a TCP packet.

source port

65535

the random value selected for the source port ranges between 0 and _

destination port

the TCP header representing the port number of the application or service running on a remote host receiving the packets

TCP header representing value of host of the receiver

destination port

sequence number

TCP header representing number assigned to a first piece data sent

TCP header representing number assigned to first piece of data sent

sequence number

acknowldgement number

TCP header representing the number given to the next piece of sent data after the sequence number

TCP header, next number assigned to piece of sent data

acknowledgement number

data

TCP header where the data itself is stored

TCP header where data is stored

data

flag

TCP header determining how the packet should be handled by a device during the handshake process

TCP header decides how device handles packet

flag

syn

First step of the three-way handshake process. The initial message sent by the client during the handshake. It synchronizes devices and establishes a connection

synchronize devices and establish a connection

syn is used to do these two things

syn/ack

second step in the three-way handshake where the packet is sent to the receiver to acknowledge the synchronization attempt

ack

third step in the three-way handshake where the acknowledgement packet used by either the sender or receiver to acknowledge that a series of messages or packets have been received

data

fourth step in the three-way handshake where the data is sent through the data header

fin

fifth step in the three-way handshake where the packet is used to cleanly close the connection

rst

occurs when the packet abruptly ends due to an error, part of the three-way handshake

first

what step is syn in the three-way handshake

second

what step is syn/ack in the three-way handshake

third

what step is ack in the three-way handshake

fourth

what step is data in the three-way handshake

fifth

what step is fin in the three-way handshake

incremented by 1

data sent during the three-way handshake is given a number sequence which is then recronstructed using this sequence and __

fin from client, ack and fin from server, and ack from client

TCP closing process between client and server

syn from sender, syn/ack from receiver, and ack from sender.

TCP three-way handshake between client and server

sends the initial sequence number with 0 to the server

what does a client or sender do during the initial syn or synchronization

provides sequence number incremented by the sender’s own number. acknowledges sender’s number

what does the server or receiver do during the syn/ack or synchronization and acknowledgement

acknowledges receiver’s sequence number and sends the data.

what does the client or sender do during ack or acknowledgement

User Diagram Protocol

a networking protocol that sends data between devices without needing a constant connection

protocol doesn’t need constant connection to send data

UDP

request from receiver and three responses from sender

UDP process