Chapter 60 - Fetal Neural Axis

D

Which one of the following neural tube defects is characterized by a lack of development of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and cranial vault and is an abnormality that is incompatible with life?
A) acrania
B) cephalocele
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) anencephaly

D

Which one of the following central nervous anomalies demonstrates splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres on ultrasound?
A) hydraencephaly
B) cephalocele
C) vein of Galan malformation
D) Dandy-Walker malformation

B

A condition in which a complete or partial absence of the cranial bones is demonstrated is which one of the following?
A) cebocephaly
B) acrania
C) holoprosencephaly
D) hydraencephaly

B

Anomalies associated with anencephaly include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) cleft lip
B) holoprosencephaly
C) polyhydraminos
D) spina bifida

A

Which one of the following is most severe form of holoprosecncephaly, which is characterized by a single common ventricle and malformed brain? Orbital anomalies range from fused orbits to hypotelorism, with frequency nasal clefting of the lip and palate:
A) alobar
B) cephalocele
C) anencephaly
D) acrania

A

Which one of the following anomalies may be characterized by the presence of colpocephaly?
A) agenesis of the corpus callosum
B) Arnold-Chiari malformation
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) holoprosencephaly

D

The absence of the cavum septum pellucidi is a distinguishing characteristic of which one of the following fetal anomalies?
A) Craniostenosis
B) Schizencephaly
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) agenesis of the corpus callosum

C

Which one of the following is associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome?
A) anencephaly
B) arachnoid cyst
C) encephalocele
D) hydraencephaly

C

Facial anomalies in holoprosencephaly may represent all of the following EXCEPT:
A) hypotelorism
B) cyclopia
C) hypertelorism
D) flattened nose with a single nostril

A

Which of the following signs are characteristic of the Arnold-Chiari malformation?
A) banana- and lemon-shaped
B) strawberry- and banana-shaped
C) lemon- and strawberry-shaped
D) cloverleaf- and banana-shaped

C

Which one of the following anomalies is characterized by the presence of a posterior fossa cyst and a splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres?
A) agenesis of the corpus callosum
B) arachnoid cyst
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) encephalocele

A

Which one of the following abnormalities is described as the congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres resulting from an occlusion of the carotid arteries. The midbrain structures are present, and fluid replaces cerebral tissue:
A) hydraencephaly
B) hydrocephalus
C) agenesis of the corpus callosum
D) holoprosencephaly

C

Ventriculomegaly is defined as lateral ventricular enlargement measuring greater than _ millimeters (mm).
A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 13

C

An open spinal defect characterized by a protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meningeal sac, is called which one of the following?
A) meningocele
B) spina bifida occulta
C) meningomyelocele
D) Arnold-Chiari syndrome

A

Conditions commonly associated with fetal hydrocephalus include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) choroid plexus cyst
B) Dandy-Walker malformation
C) meningomyelocele
D) agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

Ventriculomegaly coupled with an enlargement of the fetal head is called which one of the following?
A) hydrocephalus
B) hydraencephaly
C) hydronephrosis
D) Dandy-Walker malformation

A

Which one of the following abnormalities is the most common open neural tube defect?
A) anencephaly
B) acrania
C) encephalocele
D) cephalocele

C

Which one of the following fetal head anomalies is characterized by the presence of a single primitive ventricle?
A) arachnoid cyst
B) Dandy-Walker malformation
C) holoprosencephaly
D) schizencephaly

D

A vein of Galen malformation is which one of the following abnormalities?
A) an aneurysm of the Galen vein
B) a rare arteriovenous malformation
C) a sporadic event
D) all of the above

B

A form of holoprosencephaly characterized by a common ventricle, hypotelorism, and a nose with a single nostril is which one of the following?
A) lissencephaly
B) cebocephaly
C) ethmocephaly
D) porencephaly

C

Which one of the following statements about anencephaly is INCORRECT:
A) the incidence of anencephaly varies with geographic location
B) anencephaly is a lethal disorder
C) anencephaly has a male prevalence
D) anencephaly is caused by the failure of closure of the neural tube at the cranial end

A

Which one of the following statements about microcephaly is INCORRECT:
A) microcephaly is an abnormally large head
B) the prognosis for fetuses with microcephaly is always poor
C) microcephaly does not affect the head circumference
D) microcephaly may manifest later in pregnancy

A

The differential considerations of anencephaly include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) arachnoid cyst
B) microcephaly
C) acrania
D) cephalocele

B

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the herniation of the meninges and brain through a calvarium defect?
A) Dandy-Walker malformation
B) encephalocele
C) cranial meningocele
D) cebocephaly

B

Differential considerations of Dandy-Walker malformation should include which one of the following?
A) ventriculomegaly
B) arachnoid cyst
C) cystic hygroma
D) nuchal edema