Grade 10 History

Gavrilo Princip

Bosnian Serb nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering World War I

Triple Entente

Alliance of France, Russia, and the UK as a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance

Schlieffen Plan

German strategy to defeat France quickly and then Russia in World War I

Sir Robert Borden

Prime Minister of Canada during World War I, introduced conscription

Ross Rifle

Canadian rifle in World War I known for jamming in trench conditions

Chlorine & Mustard gas

Chemical weapons causing severe injuries in World War I

Vimy Ridge

Key 1917 battle where Canadian forces captured a strategic ridge in France

Trench foot

Painful condition from damp trench exposure in World War I

Victory bonds

Government bonds sold to finance military operations during wartime

Halifax Explosion

1917 disaster caused by the collision of two ships in Halifax, Nova Scotia

Conscription

Mandatory enlistment in armed forces, implemented in Canada during wars

Treaty of Versailles

1919 peace treaty imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany

League of Nations

Post-World War I international organization for peace and cooperation

U-boats

German submarines used to disrupt Allied shipping in World War I & II

Spanish Flu

1918-1919 influenza pandemic coinciding with the end of World War I

Bloody Saturday

Violent climax of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike

Statute of Westminster

1931 British law granting full legal freedom to self-governing dominions

Prohibition

Ban on alcoholic beverages in Canada from 1918 to the early 1920s

Group of Seven

1920s Canadian landscape painters known for depicting the wilderness

Famous Five

Canadian women who fought for women's legal recognition in the early 20th century

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, stock market crash starting the Great Depression

Inflation

General increase in prices, reducing money's purchasing power.

Buying on credit

Purchasing with a promise to pay later.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

Relief

Government aid for the unemployed and poor.

Bennett Buggies

Cars pulled by horses due to fuel unaffordability.

Regina Riot

1935 clash between police and On-to-Ottawa Trek members.

If Day

1942 simulated Nazi invasion in Winnipeg for war bond sales.

S.S. St. Louis

Ship carrying Jewish refugees rejected by Canada in 1939.

Munich Agreement

1938 pact allowing Nazi Germany's annexation of Sudetenland.

Nazi Party

Political group led by Adolf Hitler in WWII Germany.

Blitzkrieg

Swift, intense military tactic used by Germany in WWII.

Axis powers

WWII coalition of Germany, Italy, Japan, and allies.

Dieppe

1942 Allied raid in France with heavy casualties.

Operation Overlord

Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944.

Juno Beach

Normandy invasion beach assigned to Canadian forces.

Hong Kong

Site of a WWII battle where Canadian troops fought.

POW

Soldiers captured and held by the enemy.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese cities hit by U.S. atomic bombs in 1945.

Kristallnacht

1938 Nazi attack on Jewish properties.

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)

the bill identifying human rights that are guaranteed to everyone in Canada; enacted in 1982 and embedded in the Constitution of Canada

Nansen Medal

Award given only ever to Canada in honor of it's valorous acts in protecting refugees.

multiculturalism

Racial groups are separated but share equally in economic and political life

94 Recommendations

published by the commission to urge all levels of government to work together in changing policies and programs to repair the harm caused by residential schools and move forward with reconciliation with Indigenous communities.

Civic Nation

a sense of national unity and purpose based on a set of commonly held political beliefs

A Country of Half Welcomes

When canada refused to take refugees from war and only let people from certain ethnic groups into the country

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

A court that heard testimony about the apartheid and granted pardon for any person willing to confess to any of their apartheid crimes

Residential Schools

government-authorized schools, run by the churches, in which Indigenous children lived apart from their families and were educated in Canadian culture.

groups 5

was five or more people who were permanent citizens of Canada who could sponsor a refugee and their family to allow access to Canada

refugees

Refugees are individuals who have been forced to flee their homes due to persecution, conflict, or violence, seeking safety and protection in another country.

Vietnamese "Boat People"

The Vietnamese boat people were a bunch of people of around 700,000. These people crammed themselves into boats to escape the regime

Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis), 1990

was a conflict where the Mohawk nation fought to reclaim land granted to a church, including a sacred burial ground, from a golf course expansion.

Franz Ferdinand Assassination

Franz Ferdinand's assassination in 1914 acted as a catalyst for World War I, leading to a chain of events that escalated tensions between European powers and ultimately triggered the outbreak of the war.

Black Hand

Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I.

M.A.I.N

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Vimy Ridge battle (1917)

A successful battle of World War One where all four Canadian divisions fought together for the first time. A proud moment for Canada.

trenches

Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire

propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Rationing

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

Vimy Ridge monument

The Vimy Ridge monument honors Canada's triumph and sacrifice during World War I.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Treaty that ended World War I - most important part was the forced blame on Germany and other allies

War Measures Act (1914)

an Act that gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

Halifax Explosion

The Halifax explosion consisted of explosives-laden SS Mont-Blanc and SS Imo collided in Halifax Harbour, causing a massive explosion, a tidal wave, and fires

internment camps

Used to hold Japanese-American citizens due to fear of spies and saboteurs during WWII

Victory Bonds

bonds that help raise money for the war that could be cashed in later

Homefront / Total War

Sample gover't posters addressed to civilians.
Women's war work
Food Situation in Germany

Komagata Maru (1914)

The Komagata Maru was a ship carrying Indian immigrants denied entry to Canada in 1914, illustrating the country's discriminatory immigration policies at the time.

Chinese Immigration Act (1923)

Forbade the entry for Chinese people into Canada. The law was not repealed until 1947.

Talkies

motion pictures with synchronized sound for dialogue

Roaring 20's

A time of booming business, lots of new entertainment like Jazz Age music, and new technologies.

Marry Pickford

America's sweetheart

Influenza Outbreak of 1918

A flu epidemic that spread around the world and killed 25 million of people

Stockmarket Crash of 1929

Stock prices fell drastically; without buyers, the Stocks became essentially worthless; caused bank crashes, etc.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

Banting and Best

Discovered insulin to treat diabetes

Group of Seven

a group of Canadian painters in the 1920s and 1930s who developed bold techniques in their landscape works

Famous Five

5 women in Canada who fought to have women declared "persons" under the law

Home Children

poor children /orphans from England who were brought to Canada to work.

Suffarge

the right to vote in political elections

The statue of west minister

1931 act of Parliament that gave Canada full power to create their own laws

Consumerism in the 1920s

Americans were fascinated with new consumer products in the 1920s and began overspending and borrowing on credit. Would later lead to causes of the Great Depression

Persons Case 1929

1929 , the Supreme Court declared woman were not legally 'persons' under constitution (Public vs private)

Great Deppression

unemployment rates increased and prodution, prices, and wages declined after the crash of the stock market which caused a long business slump

Dust Bowl, 1935

poor farming practices, drought, and high winds blew away millions of tons fo dried topsoil ruining the crops of the Great Plains.

Relief Camps (Canada)

On Relief Is the feeling of reassurance and relaxation following the great depression

"On to Ottawa" trek; 1935

Hundreds of single unemployed men hopped freight trains for demanding work, wages and the end to government relief camps. The trek was stopped in Regina.

Bennett Buggy

The farmers could not afford fuel for their cars, so they turned them into horse-drawn carriages.

Riding the rods

This term refers to the unemployed young men of the Great Depression who travelled around the country looking for work by "hopping" on freight trains. Only some men were daring enough to actually ride the "rods" under the train.

Chatham All Stars

The Chatham All-Stars were a successful baseball team from Chatham, Ontario, in the early 20th century.

Amber Valley

Amber Valley, a settlement founded by African-American settlers in Alberta, faced hardships including racism and economic difficulties, leading to its decline by the mid-20th century.

relief

On Relief Is the feeling of reassurance and relaxation following the great depression

SS St. Louis

ship that left germany in may 1939 with 936 jews on board it was bound for cuba where it was denied entry from there the ship tried to enter the US and Canada but was denied returned to europe where four nations took in refugees

Anti-Semitism in Canada

some Canadians supported dictators like Hitler, leading to anti-Semitism being openly accepted in society, even in everyday conversations and newspapers.

Phony War

period of time after the German invasion of Poland that included little military operation in Europe

Conscription

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

prisoners of war (POWs)

soldiers who have surrendered and who thereby receive special status under the laws of war

Dieppe

where a British-Canadian force attempted a full-scale raid but was brutally repulsed by the Germans

War brides

foreign women who married Canadian troops serving overseas and then immigrated to Canada after the war

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Lester B. Pearson

Canada's foremost diplomat in the 1950'sy. A skilled politician, he rebuilt the Liberal Party and as prime minister strove to maintain Canada's national unity.