Cells - Introduction to Cell Theory and Structure

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing basic cell theory, cell structures, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cell Theory

The scientific principle stating that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Cell

The most basic unit of life, composed of a cell membrane which contains organelles that carry out the functions of life.

Prokaryotic Cells

One of the two types of cells, characterized by naked loops of DNA in the cytoplasm and smaller 70s ribosomes.

Eukaryotic Cells

One of the two types of cells, characterized by DNA contained within a nucleus (most often in the form of chromosomes) and larger, denser 80s ribosomes.

Plasma Membrane

An outside boundary composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that protects the inside of the cell and allows for the exchange of molecules between the inside and outside of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Fluid found inside the cell composed mainly of water, organic and inorganic compounds, and ions, where chemical reactions and functions of life occur.

DNA

The genetic material which carries the genetic information used to make proteins.

Ribosomes

Structures made of two subunits (a protein and ribosomal RNA) where protein synthesis occurs.

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

Smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells whose subunits add up to 70s.

Eukaryotic Ribosomes

Larger and denser ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells whose subunits add up to 80s.