Embryology and Developmental Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to embryology and developmental biology, including processes of cell division, stages of development, and the formation of various structures.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm cell development, resulting in four mature sperm cells.

Oogenesis

The process of egg cell development, resulting in one ovum and three polar bodies.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm cell nucleus and a secondary oocyte nucleus resulting in the formation of a zygote.

Zygote

The most advanced stage of development after fertilization.

Placenta

An organ formed by the union of the endometrium with the chorion, serving as an exchange between mother and fetus.

Implantation

The attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium.

Mesoderm

The embryonic layer responsible for forming muscle tissue.

Ectoderm

The embryonic layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of the skin.

Endoderm

The embryonic layer that develops into the epithelium lining most of the gastrointestinal tract.

Embryonic membranes

Membranes such as amnion, placenta, chorion, and allantois that are involved in embryo development.

Meiosis

The type of cell division that results in the formation of haploid sperm and egg cells.

Normal human sperm chromosomes

A normal human sperm cell, as a result of meiosis, contains 23 chromosomes.