2. contemporary psychology

psychoanalytic theory

theory of psychology emphasizing the influence of unconscious feelings, thoughts and behaviours

psychoanalyses

therapy aiming to give people insight into the content of their unconscious, focused on free association dream analyses

behaviourism

approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behaviour

behaviourism (watson)

all behaviour is a relationship between stimulus and response

behaviourism (skinner)

we repeat behaviours based on outcome

principles of reinforcement

any behaviour rewarded will be repeated, vice verse

gestalt psychology

approach that emphasizes how the mind creates experience (gestalt = whole in german)

social psychology

study of cause and consequence of sociality -\> people do not act based on response, but their opinion to response

developmental psychology

study of how psychological phenomenons change over lifetime

jean piaget

known for his theory of cognitive development in children, noticed children do not perceive the world in the same way as adults

language development

the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood (noam chomsky)

cognitive revolution (1960s)

returned focus to internal mental processes, aided by development of digital computers

cognitive psychology

study of human information processing

evolutionary psychology

study of the ways by which human mind has been shaped through the principles of natural selection

how natural selection works

1. begins with species genome

2. conditions make some genomes live or die out

3. the ones who live have their genes selected for next gen

cultural psychology

the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members

neuroscience

the brain, regardless of culture of cognition, has a relatively conserved hardware

cognitive neuroscience

relationship between brain and mind

behavioural neuroscience

relationship between brain and behaviour

biological influences (level of analysis)

genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, natural selection of adaptive traits, genes responding to environment

psychological influences (level of analysis)

learned fears and expectations, emotional responses, cognitive processing

socio-cultural influences (level of analysis)

presence of others, cultural/societal/family expectations, peer influences