BIO112 Chapter 19: Evolutionary Change in Populations

alleles; locus

each population has a gene pool that includes all the different versions, or (genes, alleles, loci), for every (locus, allele) present in the population

b

One-fourth of individuals in a population have brown fur. Which of the following terms applies to this fact?

a) genotype frequency

b) phenotype frequency

c) allele frequency

a, c, d

Which of the following are conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium? Select all that apply.

a) population is large

b) natural selection occurs

c) no net mutations that change allele frequencies

d) no natural selection

e) population is small

b, d

The Hardy-Weinberg principle involves which of the following elements? Select all that apply.

a) changing genotype frequencies

b) no evolution

c) changing allele frequencies

d) genetic equilibrium

the frequency of the dominant allele

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the symbol “p” typically represents what?

the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation for the genotype frequencies of a population, which of the following is represented by q²?

frequencies; successive generations

microevolution is a change in allele or genotype (frequencies/types/mutations) within a population over (a single generation/ successive generations)

a, c, d

Which of the following microevolutionary forces is most likely to result in an increase in the frequency of homozygous genotypes in a population? Select all that apply.

a) inbreeding

b) mutations

c) genetic drift

d) assortative mating

a, b, c

Which of the following microevolutionary forces is most likely to decrease genetic variation within a population? Select all that apply.

a) natural selection

b) inbreeding

c) genetic drift

d) mutations

a, b, c

Which of the following microevolutionary forces causes changes in allele frequencies within a population? Select all that apply.

a) genetic drift

b) gene flow

c) natural selection

the founder effect

What is a type of genetic drift that occurs when a small population colonizes a new area?

directional selection

Which type of selection favors one phenotypic extreme over another, causing a shift in the phenotypic mean?

frequency-dependent selection

What is the term for when a genotype’s selective value varies with its frequency of occurrence?

geographic variation

A cline is a type of what?

a, b, c, d

Which of the following depends on the existence of multiple alleles? Select all that apply.

a) geographic variation

b) heterozygote advantage

c) balanced polymorphism

d) genetic polymorphism