PT2 Ch. 18 - Adaptive Immunity

T cell-independent activation

characterized by the production of IgM by plasma cells and does not produce memory B cells

T cell-dependent activation

helper T-cells activate B cells by cytokines secreted from activated TH2 cells, and plasma cells that produce different classes of antibodies as a result of class switching. Memory B cells are produced.

Secondary Exposure

more IgG in second response

natural active immunity

natural exposure (you get sick) and you make your own antibodies (Ab)

natural passive immunity

natural passage of (someone else’s) Ab by IgG before birth or by IgA in breast milk

artificial passive immunity

transfer of Ab produced by a donor to another person

artificial active immunity

The foundation for vaccination

Edward Jenner

Developed modern vaccination | inoculated patients with infectious materials from a milkmaid’s cowpox lesions on to prevent smallpox

Live attenuated vaccines (Vaccine Class)

weakened strain of a pathogen

Inactivated vaccines (Vaccine Class)

contain WHOLE PATHOGENS that have been killed or inactivated

Subunit vaccines (Vaccine Class)

produced either by chemically degrading a pathogen and isolating its key antigens or by producing the antigens through genetic engineering

Toxoid vaccines (Vaccine Class)

contain inactivated BACTERIAL TOXINS

Conjugate vaccines (Vaccine Class)

a type of subunit vaccine that consists of a protein conjugated to a capsule polysaccharide

Antigens 

aka Immunogens | are molecules that activate adaptive immunity and have epitopes