Structure 1.1.2: Kinetic molecular theory

plasma

An ionised gas mainly found in outer space.

Density

the ratio of its mass to its volume

kinetic molecular theory (KMT)

All matter is made up of small particles.

These particles all have kinetic energy (the energy of motion) which causes the particles to constantly move.

The amount of kinetic energy is proportional to the temperature of the substance; therefore, the particles have greater motion at higher temperatures (straight line motion) and lesser motion at lower temperatures (vibrational motion).

Collisions between particles are elastic, which means no loss in kinetic energy.

Sublimation

change of state directly from a solid to a gas with no liquid phase

Deposition

the direct change from a gas to solid with no liquid phase

Evaporation

change of state from liquid to gas and takes place only at the surface of the liquid. It can occur at temperatures below the boiling point of the liquid

Boiling

change of state from liquid to gas throughout the liquid. When the vapour pressure is equal to the

external pressure (1 atm) the liquid boils