Chem U5 - Dipole-Dipole

Chemical bond

a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds atoms together

adhesion

ATTRACTION particles have for SOLID surfaces

cohesion

an attraction paticles have for each other

surface tension

force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize the surface area

capillary action

combination of adhesive and cohesive forces that makes a liquid asscend through a permeable substance

dipole-dipole forces

Under hydrogen force, above LD force in terms of STRENGTH

ATTRACTIVE FORCES between the POSITIVE END of one molecule and the NEGATIVE END of another

London dispersion forces

WEAKEST dipole-dipole forces

result because of TEMPORARY dipoles joining together

hydrogen bond

STRONG dipole-dipole forces

occur when HYDROGEN is bonded to a HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE atom

intermolecular forces

the FORCES (ATTRACTION) BETWEEN molecules

Holds COVALENT MOLECULES together, Stronger = Stickier

Weak IMF

(London Dispersion for ex)

LOW Boiling / Melting points

DECREASED surface tension

HIGHER evaporation rate / high vapor pressure

Strong IMF

HIGH Boiling / Melting points

INCREASED surface tension

LOWER evaporation / low vapor pressure

molecular compound

Another name for a covalent compound

Bond energy increases

Single bond (weaker than)- > Double Bond (weaker than,) - > Triple Bond (Strongest)

Bond length increases

Triple Bond (shortest) → Double Bond (shorter)→ Single bond (short)