V: The Protestant Reformatino

who was the monk that began reading classical Christian texts

Martin Luther

classical Christian texts

St. Augustine, Bible

Luther came to the conclusion that only one thing was required to go to heaven:

faith in Jesus

on october 31, 1517, Luther nailed his work to the doors of what

Wittenberg Castle Church

Luther's work, stating all the problems of the Church

95 Theses

Luther's work started the

Protestant Reformation

those who agreed with Luther were deemed

heretics

Luther's ideas stated that all people should ______ and _______ the Bible, and ________ from it what they believe God wants

have; read; interpret

what did Luther depend on to carry the message

printing press and church leaders

failed predecessor of Luther in England

John Wycliffe

failed predecessor of Luther in Bohemia

Jan Hus

Luther's ideas developed into what (the name of the believers)

Lutheranism

where did Lutheranism spread

German and Scandinavian areas

who followed another brands (Calvinism)

Netherlands, France, Switzerland, Scotland

who started calvinism

John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli

who were very similar to Lutherans, being against Church traditions and supporting salvation through faith

Calvinists

what did Calvinists and Lutherans disagree one

predestination, communion

Calvinists believed everyone is ________ to go to heaven/hell

predestined

Calvinists believed the bread and wine represented what

Jesus' body

Lutherans believed the bread and wine represent what

Jesus' blood and body

example of more radical groups besides Calvin and Zwingli

Anabaptists

Anabaptists believed that in order to go to heaven, adults must be

baptized

Anabaptists _____ defended their ideas

violently

Catholic and Protestant leaders considered Anabaptists

radical

Anabaptists were (the action against them)

killed, tortured, imprisoned, or chase out

aside from violence against Anabaptisms, a much larger and more violent movement began:

German Peasant Revolts

peasants were ________ unlike said in the Bible

overtaxed, overworked, and their rulers lived luxurious lives

in 1524, hundreds of towns _____ against their lords/rules

rose up

how long did it take for the rampage to quell

two years

direct cause of the revolt in 1524

Luther's ideas about Christianity and their interpretations of the Bible

what would emerge during the Early Modern Era as nobles increasingly attempted to extract heavier tax duties from peasants

peasant rebellions