New deal native americans

What are the aims of the Indian reorganisation Act (IRA)?

Self determination: tribes to have limited self government with federal oversight

Land: repeal Dawes Act

Culture: assimilation as the ultimate goal

Who is Gladys?

The first native woman to be in an American university, inspiring other natives to enter higher education

How is cultural identity protected by the IRA?

Overthrow 1883 law banning ceremonial dances and celebrations

Many felt return to tribal customs was a backward move an assimilation is needed to prosper in US society

Mark abandonment of attempts to make NA conform to white norms

Women cooperatives encouraged to produce Indian arts and crafts as an economic venture

What is the cultural impact of IRA?

Generally political circles agree assimilation is the best way forward, main debates lie in way of it

Education, economy, sufficiency, support for help to make NAs realise the advantages of assimilation

How does IRA relieve poverty?

Tribes could control land sales on reservations

New tribal corporations to manage tribal resources: doesn’t relieve poverty and 75 of 245 tribes voted against the.

Collier made sure NAs can access CCC, PWA, poverty to server to have effect

Collier cadged ND funds to build schools, hospitals, irrigation systems on Indian reservations, create NA jobs

By how much does poverty reduce as seen in population of NAs?

By 1938 census statistics indicate the native population is growing at a faster rate than that of nationally

What did the 1934 Collier Bill do?

Halt sale of tribal lands to individuals and restore remaining unallocated lands to tribal control

Create new reservations and expand existing ones

Require Indian schools to focus on native history and traditional arts and crafts

What are some negative reception of the 1934 Collier Bill?

Angry opposition from western states

Some Indian leaders criticised it as a plan to transform reservations into living museums and treat natives as an exotic minority

What is the impact of IRA’s land policies?

Allotment polices end as are recognised as harmful

Short term availability of funding to buy back former reservation land

Some natives hated this policy as they were aspiring to get allotments, or were already successfully farming their homestead and afraid of losing them

Many natives lacked understanding of legal issues in the act, often confused

What is the IRA’s polices regarding self determination?

Tribes reorganised into self governing bodies that could vote to adopt constitutions and have own police and legal systems

Imcreased involvement of tribes in work of Bureau of Indian Affairs

NA women can train for domestic work, and are encourage to pursue higher education

Why is the reception of Natives to secret ballot so poor?

Many saw it as an alien concept and wished to continue their traditional tribal councils where people spoke their minds openly rather than vote in secret

What is the impact of the IRA’s self determination policies?

Increased influence of Wheeler limits political autonomy given to NAs

Some native didn’t want self determination

Tribes still Irving on reservations governed by tribal councils against so reaffirm tribal culture

Involvement gives native opportunity for input into Indian policy

Who is Ira Hayes?

He is a WW2 US Marine, he alongside other NAs led US to victory by the use of native languages

After war he suffered PTSD and was ignored and back to his lands with no water no crops and no chance where white people stole their water rights in Phoenix valley