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Trope
Category for the Rhetorical Figures - "turn" to a new meaning
Scheme
Category for the Rhetorical Figures - "restructure" a sentence
Metaphor
"the master trope" - a comparison made my referring to one thing as another
ex. Jesus is the rock of our salvation.
Prosopopoeia
(personification) - Reference to abstractions or inanimate objects as though they had human qualities or abilities
ex. The sun smiled down on us.
Anaphora
Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines
ex. Life is short, life is fragile, life is precious.
scheme
Epistrophe
the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences
ex. I'm tired of this job. I'm over this job. I'm done with this job!
scheme
Polysyndeton
excessive use of conjunctions where they aren't necessary.
ex. Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds
Asyndeton
The omission of conjunctions between clauses, often resulting in a hurried rhythm
ex. Live, laugh, love.
scheme
Hyperbole
extreme exaggeration
ex. I could eat a horse.
Litotes
Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite.
ex. He isn't the friendliest person.
Erotema
rhetorical question
ex. Are you serious?
Epanalepsis
repetition at the end of a line, phrase, or clause of the word or words that occurred at the beginning of the same line, phrase, or clause. (ABCA)
ex. In times like these, it is helpful to remember that there have always been times like these.
scheme
Anadiplosis
The repetition of the last word (or phrase) from the previous line, clause, or sentence at the beginning of the next. Often combined with climax.
ex. The love of wicked men converts to fear,That fear to hate, and hate turns one or bothTo worthy danger and deserved death.
scheme
Anastrophe
Departure from normal word order for the sake of emphasis.
ex. Troubles, everybody's got.
scheme
Assonance
the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together.
ex. The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plains
scheme
Consonance
The repetition of consonants in words stressed in the same place but whose vowels differ
ex. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
scheme
Polyptoton
Repeating a word, but in a different form. Using a cognate of a given word in close proximity.
ex. Who shall watch the watchmen
Paronomasia
Use of words alike in sound but different in meaning (pun)
ex. Can be very punny. trope
Parenthesis
Insertion of a verbal unit that interrupts normal syntactical flow.
ex. I am going to visit my grandma (my dad's mom) today.
Periodic sentence
a periodic sentence is a complex sentence in which the main clause, or main point, occurs at the end of the sentence instead of the beginning.
ex. "To believe your own thought, to believe that is
what is true for you is true for all men, that is genius."
Synecdoche
A whole is represented by naming one of its parts (genus named for species), or vice versa (species named for genus).
ex. He just got some new wheels!
trope
Irony
Speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says
ex. The Titanic was touted as an "unsinkable" ship, yet it sank on its first voyage
trope
Apostrophe
Turning one's speech from one audience to another. Most often, occurs when one addresses oneself to an abstraction, to an inanimate object, or to the absent.
ex. O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth,That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!Thou art the ruins of the noblest manThat ever lived in the tide of times.
trope