ATI TEAS Practice Test B - Science Section Study Material

Which of the following is a type of specialized antigen-processing cell that activates T-cells of the immune system?

Dendritic cells

"Dark matter" is a form of energy produced to explain the repulsive forces between matter in the universe. It has been never observed directly. Which of the following is the best rationale for many scientists' contention that it exists?

It serves as a working hypothesis to explain real observations in the universe.

Which of the following bone is large, fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth?

Maxilla

Which of the following hormone is released in response to a drop in blood pressure?

Aldosterone

which of the following is the gland on a hair follicle that supplies the hair shaft and the skin with oily secretion?

Sebaceous gland

A chlorine atom has 17 electrons and 17 protons. It forms an ionic bond with sodium and gains a negative charge. Which of the following is true for the chloride ion?

It is an anion with 18 electrons and 17 protons.

Which of the following properties of water explains its characteristics as the universal solvent?

Polarity of water moleculesq

Which of the following anatomical planes divides the body into superior and inferior protions?

Transverse

Which of the following occur in case of blocked and injured ureters?

Reduced flow of urine to the bladder

Which of the following conditions might help a species to escape extinction in the face of changing environmental conditions, such as habitat destruction?

Generalized distribution

Which of the following statements describes the relationships between genes and chrosomes?

Genes are DNA sequences found on chromosomes

Which of the following is a circular muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture?

Sphincter

Sphincter is a circular muscle fascicle that opens and closes body apertures. ex. anal sphincter and pylori sphincter

A student is assessing a postoperative client who has developed pneumonia. The plan of care includes positioning the client in Fowler's or semi-Fowler's position. What is the rationale for this position?

A) It increases blood flow to the heart.

B) The client will be more comfortable and have less pain.

C) It facilitates nursing assessments of skin color and temperature.

D) It promotes full aeration of the lungs.

It promotes full aeration of the lungs.

A student is assigned the task of measuring the mass of one tennis ball using a scale for which the zero adjustment on the balance is not working. The student is given three balls and the can in which they were packaged. Which of the following strategies will provide the best determination of the correct mass?

Weigh the empty can, weigh the can with a ball in it, and compute the difference between the two.

Arrange the units in increasing order of the size of distances they measure.

Millimeter, centimeter, kilometer, hectometer, decameter

Millimeter,

Centimeter,

Decameter,

Hectometer,

Kilometer,

Which of the following describes the concentration of hydrogen ions in water with a pH of 7?

10 Power -7

The formula for pH is -log[H+].

Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in water with a pH of 7 is 0.0000001 M (10 power -7)

Which of the following hormones is produced in the ovaries?

Estrogen

Which of the following statements best explains why RNA inside a cell is almost never found as a single-stranded molecule?

Short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself.

The cross-section shows cells organized into four different types of tissues in the small intestine. Therefore, the image represents a level of hierarchy higher than a tissue.

Organ

Which of the following chemical bonds is found within a molecule of ammonia, NH3, given that N is a highly electronegative element and has a valence of 5?

Polar covalent bonds

When calculating population growth, which of the following equations is appropriate?

(Immigrants- emigrants) + (birth-deaths)

Which components of a phospholipid gives it nonpolar characteristics?

Carbon-hydrogen chain

Which of the following describes systemic circulations?

Supplies oxygen-rich food from the left ventricle to the body

(In systemic circulation, the left ventricle supplies oxygen-rich blood to the body, and the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.)

Which of the following is true of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

The enzyme is not consumed in the reaction.

(The enzyme lowers the energy required to initiate the reaction without being consumed in the process)

Which of the following is the value of the prefix milli- in metric system?

10 power -3

This value represents the prefix milli , 1/1000

Which of these terms specifically means the intake and expulsion of air using the lungs?

Ventilation

This term means the same as breathing.

A student observes that when the mercury rises and falls in a thermometer, the particles do not stick to the sides of the glass tube. However, when honey is poured from one glass to another, the particles stick to the container.

which of the following explains the observations?

Mercury has more cohesive and less adhesive than honey.

In human blood types, A and B alleles are codominant and O is recessive. Which of the following combinations of the parents' genotypes has the highest probability of producing a child with blood type O?

One parent is heterozygous for blood type A and another is heterozygous for blood type B.

(One parent is heterozygous for blood type A blood will be AO and for type B blood will be BO. Therefore, there is a 25% chance for a child to have genotype OO.)

Which of the following actions controlled by autonomic nervous system?

Heart rate is increasing while running.

Stomach muscle contract to aid digestion.

Salivary gland release secretion in response to the presence of food.

Blood vessels constricts to reduce the flow of blood to the skin.

An atom of lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons.

What is this atom's mass number?

7

Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

in it nucleus.

Which of the following cell types confers waterproofing on the outer layers of the skin?

Keratinocytes

A student placed 20 ml NaOH solution in a beaker and added 5 ml of HCl to it. Which of the following would happen when two substances are mixed?

The pH of the resultant solution is reduced.

(Acid donates H+ ions which combine with OH- ions to make water. The lower concentrations of OH- ions, lower the pH of the solution.)

Acetabulum of hip bone & head of the femur

Which of the following synovial joint is shown in the image?

Ball and socket joint (which allow movement in all axes).

Acid reflux is a condition in which the gastric juices of the stomach flow backward into the esophagus. Which of the following causes acid reflux?

The cardiac sphincter does not close tightly.

Which of the following procedures is an appropriate negative control for testing the hypothesis that air contains bread mold spores?

Seal slices in the container to minimize air contact.

(A negative control verifies the testing environment, Here, the testing environment is the air. Therefore, excluding air from the bread in the container is the appropriate negative control).

Which of the following is the main function of the bile juice?

Emulsifying fats

In chickens, feather color can be white (WW), black (BB), or speckled(BW). A cross between a black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken produces speckled-feathered chickens. Which of the following is the outcome of a cross between two F1 offspring?

1 BB: 2BW: 1WW

B and W are codominant alleles. Therefore, the genotype of all F1 offspring is BW. An F1 cross between two BW offspring will produce 1BB: 2BW: 1WW in the F2 generation.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the organisms in which photosynthesis and oxidative respiration occur?

Photosynthesis occurs in many prokaryotes and eukaryotes, whereas oxidative respiration occurs in aerobic prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Which of the following describes the role of regulatory genes?

Regulatory genes control the expression of structural genes.

Which of the following pathogens would be unaffected by treatment with an antibiotic that inhibits ribosomes function?

Viruses

which of the following cells rid the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs?

Macrophages

Which of the following options lists the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis?

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Integration -> Effector --> Response

A blood pressure reading of 120/70 mm Hg refers to arterial pressures recorded during which of the following events?

Ventricular contraction / ventricular relaxation

A blood pressure reading of 120 mm Hg is peak arterial pressure during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole); 70 refers to minimal pressure during ventricular relaxation (ventricular diastole).

A student wants to study how friction affects the distance between traveled by a marble on a surface. A marble was pushed on four different surfaces with the same force and the time taken for it to travel 1 meter was noted.

What experimental term is used to define the condition of pushing the marble with same force on all four surfaces?

Experimental constant

If an intensive property is independent of the amount of the material being measured, what is an example of an intensive property?

Density

Density is the ratio of material present in a given volume. Water will have the same density whether in a bucket or in a cup. It is independent of the amount of material. Therefore, it is an intensive property.