Midterm #2 Terms and Concepts

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78 Terms

1
3rd Generation Romantics
Alfred Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Robert Browning (I think)
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2
Industry
economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.
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3
Progress
to move a step in a positive direction; to improve; to move a step closer to a goal
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4
Prudery
the behavior or thinking of people who are too easily shocked or offended
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5
Earnestness
sincere and intense conviction
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6
Political Reform
Progressives thought this could create a unified people.
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7
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
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8
The Higher Criticism
questioned in the guise of scholarship the inspiration, authority, texts, and meaning of the Bible
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9
Darwinism
the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin.
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10
High Church Anglicanism
It was the *practice of Anglicanism that tends to follow trends put forth by the Catholic Church, such as its traditions and ceremonies*. Followers of High Church Anglicanism believe that *any doctrine or tradition not specifically forbidden by the Bible is acceptable*. So, they were the loose constructionists of their time. This is the *form of Anglicanism established by the Six Articles.*
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11
Oxford Movement
the movement within the Church of England to reintroduce many Roman Catholic practices
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12
Catholicism
the faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.
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13
Subjectivity
a personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions
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14
Objectivity
treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices
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15
Sentimentality
excessive tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia
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16
Didacticism
teaching or intending to teach a moral lesson.
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17
Public Spheres
Involve those people who seek participation in public debate and are recognized by the relevant decision makers
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18
Private Spheres
a certain sector of societal life in which an individual enjoys a degree of authority, unhampered by interventions from governmental or other institutions.
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19
Domesticity
home or family life
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20
The "Fallen Woman"
a woman who has sinned sexually in the eyes of society and thus loses her virtue
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21
The March of Intellect

a satirical term used in early 19th-century Britain to describe the rapid spread of education, scientific advancement, and social reform that characterized the era.

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22
Mass Literacy
Widespread ability to read and write.
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23
Universal Education
a product of the mass society to achieve technical training for the work force, political awareness, national pride, and civic responsibility
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24
Gospel of Work
Affirmed the dignity of hard work, the virtue of thrift, and the importance of individual initiative.
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25
Utilitarianism
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
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26
"Useful Knowledge"
Type of knowledge that could improve the condition of humanity; a product of the Enlightenment
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27
The Self-made Man
A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline, hard work, and temperate habits
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28
Meritocracy
a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement
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29
Great Exhibition
the first world's fair
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30
Crystal Palace
Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.
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31
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
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32
The Industrial North
life based on work in factories in Northern England
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33
Manchester
City in England; one of the leading industrial areas; example of an Industrial Revolution City; first major rail line linked Manchester to Liverpool in 1830.
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34
Proletariat
working class
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35
Bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
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36
Railroad Time
Helped unite the union. Each community operated on its own time. 1870, Professor C.F. Dowd proposed that the Earth's surface be divided into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day.
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37
Paternalism
(n.) the policy or practice of treating or governing people in the manner of a father dealing with his children
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38
Circulating Libraries
Establishments that made possible wider dissemination of knowledge, as books were still expensive.
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39
Serial Fiction
Fiction published in installments, often broken off at a suspenseful spot.
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40
Household Words
Weekly Newspaper by Charles Dickens
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41
Triple-Decker Novels

-this format of producing literature took over most of the Victorian age and was used by a number of authors (George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, etc.)
-it consisted of 3 works issued in a set of 3 published works at the same time, containing about 300 pages
-romantic period/ Victorian era

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42
The Social Problem Novel
these novels spotlight problems in society to encourage reforms
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43
Gothic Fiction
A genre that creates terror and suspense, usually set in an isolated castle, mansion, or monastery populated by mysterious or threatening individuals.
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44
Realist Fiction
a type of fiction that could happen in the real world but didn't actually happen
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45
Bildungsroman
Narrative of a fall. A novel or story whose theme is the moral or psychological growth of the main character.
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46
Byronic Hero
a self tormented outcast who is cynical and contemptuous of societal norms and is suffering from some unnamed or mysterious sin
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47
Ballad
A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas
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48
Allegory
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
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49
Soliloquy
A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage
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50
Dramatic Monologue
when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience
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51
Sonnet
a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.
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52
Elegy
a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
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53
Hero's Journey
the mythic quest in pursuit of some destination or goal whose attainment will lend greater meaning to life
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54
Nadir
the lowest point in the fortunes of a person or organization
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55
Natural Selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
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56
Polygenesis
the theory that various groups of humans appeared on earth or were created separately
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57
Arnoldian "Culture"
Idea that in order to create a good and educated society its culture must first be educated and value learning.--High Culture
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58
Hellensim
Beauty, sweetness, light, striving for harmony
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59
Hebraism
the attitude that subordinates all other ideals to those of the obedient conduct and ethical purpose; opposed to the Hellenistic conception of life that subordinates everything to the intellect.
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60
Philistinism
inability to appreciate art or culture
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61
Pre-Raphaelites
wished to regain the spirit of simple devotion and adherence to nature. Characterized by pictorial elements, symbolism, sensuousness, attention to minute detail, an interest in the medieval and the supernatural
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62
"The Fleshy School"

The Fleshly School is the name given by Robert Buchanan to a realistic, sensual school of poets, to which Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris, and Algernon Charles Swinburne belonged.

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63
Realism in Art
Realist and materialist themes and attitudes influenced art as painters depicted the lives of ordinary people and drew attention to social problems.
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64
Naturalism in Art
emphasis on nature, secular, big in Northern Renaissance
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65
Sensuality
A preoccupation with the senses or appetites; overindulgence in sensual pleasure; the gratification of sensual pleasures, often to the development of deficiencies in the spiritual, moral, or intellectual realms.
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66
Gothic Revival
Romantic-era architectural movement that employed Gothic forms.
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67
The Nineties (1890-1900)
Transition Period
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68
Fin de Siecle
end of the century
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69
Decadents
late 19th & early 20th C. France, England, America. Writers who believed that art was superior to nature and that the finest beauty was that of dying or decaying things. They attacked the moral and social standards of their times. Members: France- Verlaine, England- Oscar Wilde, America- Edgar Saltus.
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70
The members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood were:
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, William Holman Hunt, Ford Madox Brown, Edward Burne-Jones
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71
Aesthetes
(n)a person who understands and enjoys beauty,
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72
Aestheticism
reverence for beauty; movement that held beautiful form is to be valued more than instructive content
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73
Art for Art's Sake
the painter's first loyalty is to the canvas not the outside world or the patron and certainly not for use.
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74
The Dandy
a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance
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75
Wildean Aphorism

a clever, often paradoxical, and witty statement that reflects the style of the famous Irish playwright and author

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76
Queer Subculture
The subcontext of a queer reading
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77
Victorian Theatre
grows into a popular institution, offering a variety of entertainments with spectacular effects, in the form of melodramas, farces, dramatization of novels, pantomimes and musicals.
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78
Melodrama
A literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response.
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