alimentary canal

mesentery

attatch intestine to abdominal wall

omentum

fatty tissue insulate organs

layers

serosal

layers

muscular layers ( circular, longitudal, oblique)

layers

submucosal

layers

mucosal

parastalsis

involuntary movement of food through tract

sm intestine function

absorb nutrient/ digest

colon function

water/ electrolyte absorption

produce vitamin k by flora

polyp pathology

overgrowth of mucosal tissue internal

diverticulum

pouching out of lumen

zenkers diverticula

esophagus

meckels diverticula

intestine

ulcer

wearing away of protective mucosa

perforation

a hole in alimentary canal spillage of contents into peritoneal cavity

intossuseption, which group is common to it

telescopic/ slipping intestines

common in infants

GIA stapler

two double rows and cuts between

side to side anastamosis

EEA stapler

end to end anastamosis

circular double row, circular blade

creatae new lumen

dilation of a stricture

dilate with bougie dilators

EGD

esophagus, stomach, upper portion of duodenum

used for diagnostic procedures

EGD/W endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

uses an extension allowing to view into the billiary ducts

used to treat/view

gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas

midline incision

laporotomy/ abdominal surgery

kocher’s incision

open cholesyectomy

McBerney

used for appendectomy

lanz incision

preform appendectomy

pfannenstiel incision

c section/ hysterectomy

rutherford morrison incision

r/l colonic resection, sigmoid colostomy

gastrostomy tube

gastric mucosa opening into the skin ( feeding tube, decompress/ drain stomach)

PEG

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

feeding tube inserted through abdominal wall into stomach with aid of an endoscope

gastrectomy

partial- weight loss, ulcer

total- malignancy, uncontrol bleeding

total gastrectomy

esophagojejunostomy- end to end anastamosis

roux en y

end to side jejuno-jejunostomy

if thoracoabdominal incision was made what is needed

chest tube, must connest to pleur evac

subtotal gastrectomy ( billroth 1)

gastroduodenostomy

pylorus removal, remaining stomach anastamos to duodenum

Billiroth 2

gastrojejunostomy

pylorus removal, remaining stomach anastamos to jejunum

types of gastrectomy for bmi

sleeve gastrectomy

roux-en-y

greater than 30 BMI

what causes stomach ulcer

bacterial infection of stomach

excessive release of HCI acid

ulcer treatment

partial gastectomy/ vagotomy

transection of the vagus nerve of the stomach, reduces gastric secretions

pylorotomy

treats pyloric stenosis, thickened pylorus causes projectile vomiting

spleen

filter blood, produce immunity, production of wbc

LAR

tumor near rectum MORE than 5cm from internal rectal sphincter

APR

rectal tumor LESS than 5 cm away from internal rectal sphincter

colonostomy

colon is brought outside abdominal wall to create a stoma

pilondial cyst

in sacrococcygeal area full of skin debris, hair usually 2-5cm

hemorrhoids

swollen vericose veins of rectum and anus

can be internal/ ecternal

aka piles

hemorrhoids high lithotomy

anestesia choice, closer to external orfice

hemorrhoids

prone ( kraske)

most common for deep internal hemorrhoids

anal fistula

infected tunnel between the skin and anus

anal fistulotomy

fistula drained wound will heal inside out, seaton a loop of suture to keep pathway open

recal abscess

a collection of of pus around the anus and rectum, caused by ecoli

anal sphincter injury

occurs in childbirth