LIFE SKILLS

Infancy (0–1 yr) – Trust vs. Mistrust

Learning to trust caregivers.

Early Childhood (2–3 yrs) Autonomy vs Shame / Doubt

Developing independence

Preschool (3–5 yrs) Initiative vs Guilt

Building skills and competence.

Adolescence (12–18 yrs) – Identity vs. Role Confusion

   Forming personal identity.

Young Adulthood (19–40 yrs) – Intimacy vs. Isolation

Forming close relationships.

Middle Adulthood (40–65 yrs) – Generativity vs. Stagnation

Contributing to society/family.

Late Adulthood (65+ yrs) – Integrity vs. Despair

→ Reflecting on life with acceptance or regret.

. Donald Super’s Career Developmental Theory

Super emphasized that career development is a lifelong process connected to self-concept. Key idea: “Career choice is an expression of self-concept.”

Growth (0–14 yrs) →

●       Developing self-concept, interests, needs.

Exploration (15–24 yrs) →

Trying out roles through school, jobs, training.

Establishment (25–44 yrs) →

●       Building a stable career.

Maintenance (45–64 yrs) →

●       Sustaining position and productivity.

Decline/Disengagement (65+ yrs) →

●       Reducing work, preparing for retirement.

Protective and Risk Factors (Late Adolescence → Early Adulthood)

Protective Factors (nakakatulong):

●       Supportive family and peers

●       Strong self-esteem and self-concept

●       Good coping and problem-solving skills

●       Access to education and opportunities

●       Mindfulness and self-regulation

Risk Factors (nakakasama):

●       Peer pressure (drugs, alcohol, risky sex)

●       Family conflict or neglect

●       Low self-esteem, identity crisis

●       Mental health issues (depression, anxiety)

Mindfulness

Being aware of the present moment without judgment.

Benefits:

●       Reduces stress and anxiety

●       Improves focus and concentration

●       Helps regulate emotions

●       Encourages self-acceptance and resilience

Self-Concept

The way you see yourself (beliefs, abilities, values, personality).

Influenced by: family, peers, culture, experiences.

Strong self-concept = better confidence, clearer goals.

Self-Acceptance

Recognizing and embracing your strengths and weaknesses.
●       Builds self-esteem

●       Reduces insecurities

●       Encourages personal growth and healthier relationships

Self-Regulation

Ability to control emotions, thoughts, and behaviors to achieve goals.

●       Managing impulses

●       Delaying gratification

●       Setting and working toward goals

●       Coping with stress in healthy ways