HSB - definitions for end of term exam

respiration

the chemical process by which organisms release energy from food through the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

photosynthesis

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

osmosis (does not require energy)

the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from an region of higher water concentration lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

diffusion (does not require energy)

the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

What is the formula for Carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

6CO₂

What is the formula for water in photosynthesis?

6H₂O

What is the formula for Glucose in photosynthesis?

C₆H₁₂O₆

What is the formula for oxygen?

6O₂

What is the formula for photosynthesis

define tissue

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

define organ

a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body

what is active transport

The movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration against a concentration gradient. This requires energy (ATP).

what is the importance of osmosis in humans

1. osmosis helps the kidneys maintain water and mineral balance in the blood

2. cells can shrink or burst if the surrounding water differs significantly, Osmosis prevents this.

3. aids in facilitating the distribution of nutrients in the body

what is the importance of diffusion in humans

1. int the small intestine, nutrients diffuses from the intestinal lining to the blood

2. aids cellular respiration, oxygen diffuses into the blood while CO_² diffuses into the lungs

what is the importance of active transport in humans

1. enables absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

2. vital for generating and propagating nerve cells