anatomy and physiology

Chemistry

Branch of science considering composition of matter and how it changes

Atoms

Smallest particle of an element

Elements

Simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties

Atomic weight

# of protons + # of neutrons

Atomic number

# of protons

Acids

electrolytes releases H+ ions lower than 7 is acid

Bases

electrolytes that combine H+ ions, above 7 is a base

Electrolytes

Substance that dissociates to release ions in water

# of elements needed for living things

20

Organic compounds

compounds containing carbon

Di

Two

Glyc

sweet

lip

fats

-lyt

dissolvable

mono

one

poly

many

sacchar

sugars

syn

together

cholesterol

lipid produced used to synthesize steroid hormones

glycogen

polysaccharide that stores glucose in liver and muscles

glucose

monosaccharide in the blood that is primary source of cellular energy

enzymes

protein that catalyzes a specific reaction

oxygen

used by cellular organelles to release energy from glucose

triglycerides

breakdown by pancreatic lipase

amino acids

organic compound that includes an amino acid group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), part of protein group

Monosaccharides

simple sugars which make glucose and fructose

fatty acids

building block of triglycerides

polysaccharides

many sugars, humans synthesize glycogen

Acids

electrolytes release H+ ions, lower than 7 is acids

Bases

electrolytes that combine H+ ions, above 7 is a base

Catalysts

Chemical increasing rate of reaction, not permanently altered by reaction

pH

Indicates if acidic or baseous by hydrogen ions

Buffers

substance that can help resist a change in pH

water

transport materials

oxygen

releases energy from glucose

carbon dioxide

waste from break down of glucosecal

calcium

helps with bones and blood clotting; muscle contraction

chloride

maintains water balance

magnesium

bones and required for respiration

potassium

required polarization of nerve cells

Sodium

polarization of nerve cells and water balance

Sulfate

Polarizes cell membranes and found in proteins

Carbs

Sugars, 1st line of energy source in the body

Lipids

Fats and cholesterol, supplies more than 2x amount of energy per gram

proteins

amino acids, build up body, last line of energy

nucleic acids

made of sugars, phosphates and nitrogen bases.